6.3.3 Behaviorism: Theories, Practice, and How to Train Your Dragon Flashcards
What are the two main approaches to stimulus-response learning?
Classical Conditioning and Operant Conditioning
What is the conditioning phenomena: discrimination?
What stimuli work, are being responded to
Describe these reinforcement schedules: fixed ratio, variable ratio, fixed interval, variable interval
Fixed ratio: gets it every nth time (rapid response)
Variable ratio: # of response to get it varies (consistent response)
Fixed interval: gets it based on period of time
Variable interval: period of time varies
What is the conditioning phenomena: extinction burst?
When a previously reinforced behavior is no longer being reinforced (is undergoing extinction), a temporary increase in the behavior may occur (an extinction burst).
EXTINCTION BURST – This is why we fail at making behavioral changes – Vending Machine example of a candy bar that gets stuck while being vended
How is PTSD related to operant conditioning?
Reduction of anxiety (negative) causes the avoidance to continue (reinforcement)
How can classical conditioning be seen in the doctor’s office?
White Coat syndrome is a result of classical conditioning
What is the conditioning phenomena: habituation?
response rate drops down
ex. something scary happening.. Jolt to first firework, stop responding to successive fireworks
What do these abbreviations (UCR, UCS, CS, CR) mean in the context of classical conditoning?
Uncondtioned stimulus – Elicits a response naturally (food, shock, etc)
Unconditioned response – natural reflexive response (drool, jerk)
Conditioned stimulus – Learned. Doesn’t normally elicit this response
Codnitioned response – Response to the newly learned stimulus
Suppose a mother is at the grocery store checkout with her daughter. The daughter begins whining that she wants a candy bar. The mom succumbs to the whining and buys the daughter a candy bar. This causes the daughter to stop whining intially, but then she whines each time they checkout at the grocery store. The annoyed mother continues to buy candy bars for the whiny child. The purchase of the candy bar is what type of postive/negative reinforcement/punishment for the mother and child.
Mother: Negative reinforcement (cessation of whining gets her to keep buying candy bars)
Daughter: Positive reinforcement (given candy bar)
What is the conditioning phenomena: continuous reinforcement?
response/reinforcer ratio is 1 to 1
What is the conditioning phenomena: partial reinforcement?
Don’t get it each time
(ex. I don’t know if I’m going to get lucky this time, so I keep going out)
Process by which a stimulus that previously did not elicit a response comes to elicit a response, in a reflex-like fashion, after it is paired for one or more trials with a stimulus that already elicits a response
Classical Conditioning (Form a reflex, S-R sequence, production of a new reflex = classical conditioning)
Process by which the consquences of response increase or decrease the likelihood that the response will occur again
Operant conditioning (B.F. Skinner)
Explain the example of classical conditioning using a dog who is classically conditioned with a bone and bell. (Pavlov’s Dogs)
What is the conditioning phenomena: shaping?
Reinforce to get closer to desired response
(ex. training dog to roll over -> lay down, lay on side, roll over)
How can classical condition play a role in anxiety disorders (specific phobia)?
What are the operant and classical conditioning approaches to prolonged exposure therapy in treating PTSD?
