6.2 Physiology of the Endocrine System Part 5 Flashcards
What hormone does the pineal gland produce?
melatonin
When is melatonin primarily produced?
at night
Where is the pineal gland locate?
third ventricle of the brain
What sends nerve impulses to the pineal gland?
optic tract
What is involved in regulation of circadian rhythyms?
pineal gland and melatonin
What are the two types of tissues of the pancreas?
exocrine tissue
endocrine tissue
What does the exocrine tissue of the pancreas produce?
digestive juices that enter through ducts into the small intestine
What does the endocrine tissue of the pancreas produce?
hormones insulin and glucagon directly into the bloodstream
What is the endocrine tissue of the pancreas known as?
pancreatic islets of Langerhans
What cells of the pancreas secrete insulin?
beta cells
When is insulin secreted by the pancreas?
when blood glucose levels are high
What are the three action of insulin?
- stimulates liver, fat, and muscle cells to take up and metabolize glucose
- stimulates the liver and muscle cells to store glycogen
- promotes the buildup of fats and proteins and inhibits their use as a source of energy
What cells secrete glucagon in the pancreas?
alpha cells
What is the purpose of glucagon?
stimulates the breakdown of stored nutrients to raise blood glucose levels
What are the main functions of the kidney?
excretion and water balance
