4.1 Anatomy of the Skeleton: Overview and Axial Skeleton Flashcards
What are the functions of the skeletal system?
protect vital organs
storage for inorganic calcium and phosphorus salts
attachment sites for muscles, ligaments, and tendons
permit flexible body movement
What are the five types of bones?
long
short
flat
irregular
sesamoid
What are long bones?
long and thin; designed to support body weight and enable movement
What are examples of long bones?
humerus
ulna
radius
tibia
fibula
What are flat bones?
form the roof of the skull to protect the brain
What are short bones?
small and cube shaped
What are examples of short bones?
carpals in the hand
tarsals in the foot
What are irregular bones?
caried in structure with ridges or irregular surfaces
What are examples of irregular bones?
vertebrae
pelvic bones
What are sesamoid bones?
small and round, reinforcing tendons
What is an examples of a sesamoid bone?
patella
What are bone landmarks?
distinct markings, ridges, grooves or holes on bones
What are the functions of bone landmarks?
allow for tendons to attach
indicated where nerves and blood vessels run
What is a foramen/canal/fissue?
openings in bones to allow for nerves, blood supply, or passageway
What is a sinus?
hollow chamber in bone usually filled with air
