6.1 Anatomy of the Endocrine System

Question 1

What does the Endocrine system do in coordination with the nervous system?

Answer 1

coordinates the various activities of the body parts utilizing chemical messengers

Question 2

How does the nervous system coordinate activities of the body?

Answer 2

neurons release neurotransmitters that influence the excitability of other neurons

Question 3

How does the Endocrine system coordinate the various activities of the body?

Answer 3

hormones that are typically released directly into the bloodstream

Question 4

Which system reacts quickly to external and internal stimuli?

Answer 4

nervous system

Question 5

What system reacts slowly to external and internal stimuli?

Answer 5

endocrine system

Question 6

Why is the Endocrine system slow to respond?

Answer 6

takes a while for the hormone to travel through the bloodstream to its target organ

Question 7

How do the cells that can react to a hormone work?

Answer 7

that have receptors on their cell surface that combined with the hormone in a lock and key method

Question 8

What is a hormone?

Answer 8

organic chemical produced by one set of cells that acts on a different set of cells

Question 9

How do hormones function?

Answer 9

mechanical messengers that influence the metabolism of the recipient cell

Question 10

What do all hormones have?

Answer 10

specific organ/gland of origin
specific target organ/gland
specific actions

Question 11

What are many hormones classified as and how are the made?

Answer 11

protein; coded for by genes and synthesized within the cytoplasm at ribosomes

Question 12

Once hormones are synthesized by ribosomes what occurs to them?

Answer 12

packaged by the Golgi into vesicles and secreted at the plasma membrane

Question 13

What are the two main categories of hormones?

Answer 13

peptide hormones
steroid hormones

Question 14

What are peptide hormones derived from?

Answer 14

proteins, peptides, or catecholamines

Question 15

What is the function of peptide hormones?

Answer 15

activate existing enzymes in the cell

Question 16

How long does it take for peptide hormones to act/how long does their influence last?

Answer 16

act relatively quickly but only for a short period of time

Question 17

What are steroid hormones derived from?

Answer 17

cholesterol by a series of metabolic reactions

Question 18

How long does it take for steroid hormones to act/how long does their influence last?

Answer 18

act slower than peptide hormones but their effect lasts longer

Question 19

Why does it take longer for steroid hormones to act as compared to peptide hormones?

Answer 19

takes longer to synthesize new proteins than to activate enzymes that are already present in the cell

Question 20

Where are steroid hormones stored?

Answer 20

fat droplets in the cytoplasm