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Anatomy and Physiology I > 6.2 Physiology of the Endocrine System Part 2 > Flashcards

6.2 Physiology of the Endocrine System Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What does growth hormone cause in bones?

A

growth of cartilaginous plates
causes osteoblasts to form new bone

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2
Q

What happens if too little GH is produced during childhood?

A

individual will become pituitary dwarf

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3
Q

What happens if too much GH is produced during childhood?

A

individual will become pituitary giant

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4
Q

What occurs if there is an overproduction of GH in adulthood?

A

acromegaly

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5
Q

What occurs in acromegaly?

A

overly large feet, hands, and face

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6
Q

When is prolactin produced?

A

pregnancy and childbirth/nursing

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7
Q

What is the function of prolactin?

A

causes the mammary glands to develop and produce milk
plays a role in carbohydrate and fat metabolism

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8
Q

Where are melanocytes found?

A

in the skin

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9
Q

What is the function of the melanocyte-stimulating hormone?

A

stimulates melanocytes to increase their synthesis of melanin

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10
Q

What is melanin and when is it released?

A

dark pigment that is released when exposed to the sun

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11
Q

What is the function of thyroid stimulating hormone?

A

stimulates the thyroid to produce T3 and T4

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12
Q

What is the function of adrenocorticotropic hormone?

A

stimulates the adrenal cortex to produce cortisol

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13
Q

What are the gonadotropic hormones?

A

FSH and LH

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14
Q

What gland produces TSH?

A

anterior pituitary gland

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15
Q

What does TSH do?

A

stimulates the thyroid to secrete thyroxin (T4) via negative feedback

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16
Q

What are the two major hormones produced by the thyroid?

A

T3 and T4

17
Q

What important compound do T3 and T4 contain?

A

iodine

18
Q

How much more concentrated is iodine in the thyroid as compared to blood levels?

A

25 times more concentrated

19
Q

What happens to the thyroid when iodine is lacking in the diet?

A

it enlarges to become a goiter

20
Q

Why does a goiter form?

A

when there are low levels of thyroxin in the blood the anterior pituitary continues to secrete TSH which causes the thyroid to increase in size

Anatomy and Physiology I (89 decks)

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