4.3 Physiology of the Skeletal System: Bone Development and Cells Part 2

Question 1

What does spongy bone contain?

Answer 1

numerous bony bars and plates separated by irregular spaces

Question 2

What is spongy bone designed for?

Answer 2

strength

Question 3

What are osteoclasts?

Answer 3

bone absorbing cells that break down bone, remove worn cells, and deposit calcium in the blood

Question 4

What are osteoblasts?

Answer 4

bone cells that form new bone by taking calcium from the blood

Question 5

Which cells are converted to osteocytes and why?

Answer 5

osteoblasts; will get caught in the matric that they secrete

Question 6

Why can the thickness of bones change?

Answer 6

continual remodeling

Question 7

What can affect the thickness of bones?

Answer 7

physical use
hormone balance

Question 8

What is the state of most bones in the human body during prenatal development?

Answer 8

cartilaginous

Question 9

What is ossification?

Answer 9

when cartiliginous models are converted to bone

Question 10

How does ossification occur?

Answer 10

calcium salts are deposited in the matric by precursor cartilaginous cells and then later by osteoblasts

Question 11

What is endochondral ossification?

Answer 11

ossification of long bones from hyaline cartilage

Question 12

Where does endochondral ossification begin?

Answer 12

primary ossification center in the middle of the bone

Question 13

Describe the general process of endochondral ossification?

Answer 13

cartilage cells begin to die, blood vessels penetrate bone to deliver osteoblasts, medullary cavity is formed, secondary centers form at the ends of the bones, growth plates form

Question 14

What is a growth plate?

Answer 14

cartilaginous disk that remains between the primary ossifications center and the secondary center

Question 15

What controls the rate of growth of endochondral ossification?

Answer 15

growth hormones
sex hormones

Question 16

When do growth plates become completely ossified and what occurs?

Answer 16

puberty; bones stop growing

Question 17

Can bone repair itself when damaged?

Answer 17

yes

Question 18

How are bone fractures categorized?

Answer 18

based on how the bone breaks

Question 19

What is a closed/simple fracture?

Answer 19

when the bone breaks but remains within the skin

Question 20

What is an open/compound fracture?

Answer 20

when bone breaks and part of the bone shaft breaks out of the skin