3.5 Physiology of the GI Tract Part II: Cell Metabolism Part 2 Flashcards
What is a general overview of the TCA cycle?
pyruvic acid is converted to carbon dioxide forming ATP
How much ATP does the TCA cycle produce?
2ATP; one for each pyruvate processed
Other than ATP what else is produced by the TCA cycle?
electron carriers NADH and FADH2
What is the primary function of the TCA cycle?
production of electron carriers
What is a general overview of the electron transport chain?
electrons are transferred from NADH/FADH2 to terminal electron acceptors releasing energy and creating a proton differential across the mitochondrial membrane
What is the proton motive forc?
drives protons back through ATP synthase complex resulting in the production of 34 ATP
Where does lipid metabolism occur?
liver
What is lipid metabolism known as?
beta-oxidation
When are lipids used as an energy source by the body?
low energy activites
How many ATP does lipid metabolism produced?
twice the amount of carbohydrate and protein metabolism
What are fats broken into and where does it enter?
acetic acid; enters the TCA cycle
When does protein metabolism take place?
when carbohydrates and fats are unavailable to the body
When proteins have to be used to form ATP what occurs?
amino group is removed from protein to form ammonia
What happens to the ammonia and the remainder of the protein after protein metabolism?
ammonia combines with CO2 to make urea in the liver
rest of protein enters the TCA cycle
What happens to urea?
secreted from the body in urine
