3E.1 Introduction to solid lattices

Question 1

what are the properties of metallic lattices

Answer 1

1. good conductor of heat and thermal energy
2. they have high melting and boiling points
3. malible
   4, ductility

Question 2

what are the properties of ionic lattices

Answer 2

1. they have high melting
2. the are soluble in water
3. good conductors of electricity when dissolved in water or molten
4. very brittle

Question 3

what are giant covalent lattice

Answer 3

a giant network of atoms joined together by covalent bonds

Question 4

what are the main types of gaint covalent bonds

Answer 4

1. diamond
2. graphite
3. graphene
4. silicon (IV) oxide

Question 5

what is the boning in diamond

Answer 5

each carbon atom forms a sigma bond with another 4 carbon atoms forming a tetrahedral with a 109.5 angle

Question 6

what are the properties of diamond

Answer 6

they are very strong (stong C-C bond throughout the structure) and have a high melting point because a lot of energy is required to break a great number of strong carbon-carbon bonds

Question 7

what is the bonding in Graphite

Answer 7

each carbon forms 3 sigma bonds with 3 other carbon forming an interlocking hexagonal shape, the 4 electron is in the p orbital, and since the carbon atoms are close enough they would all overlap each other forming a sea of delocalized electrons

Question 8

lubricating properties are a result

Answer 8

absorbed gases on the surface of the carbon atoms that’s why at high altitudes or vacumes the lubricant wouldn’t be much lowered

Question 9

what are the properties of graphite

Answer 9

1. it’s used at a lubricating (not in space thou)because its layers can easily slide over each other
2. it is a good conductor of electricity as the delocalized electrons are free to flow once a potential difference is applied. graphite can only conduct electricity parallel to its layers, the delocalized electrons can flow throw all its layers allowing it to conduct electricity at all sides (unlike metals)
3. high melting point (stong C-C bond throughout the structure)

Question 10

what is graphene

Answer 10

one layer thick graphite (the same bonding)

Question 11

what are the properties of molecular solids

Answer 11

low boiling and melting point, that is because to melt the solid you don’t have to necessarily break the covalent bonds between the atoms but the week intermolucler forces in between them making it require less energy to break than covalent bonds

Question 12

how do the intermolecular forces increase

Answer 12

1. the number of electrons per molecule

2. the length of that molecule