10B.2

Question 1

how can we test the rates of reactions of hydrolysis

Answer 1

by adding silver nitrate and seeing how fast a participant forms

Question 2

what do we have to control in order to compare the rate of hydrolysis

Answer 2

1. adding ethanol as a solvent (halogenoalkanes and aq silver nitrate don’t mix they form separate layers)
2. keep the value for temperature, concentration nd quantity of the halogenoalkanes the same
3. time the appearance of the precipitate (even though it every difficult because can be very faint then stronger with time

Question 3

what are the two factors that affect the rate of hydrolysis

Answer 3

1. diffrenet halides

2. same halides diffrenet structures

Question 4

as you go down the halide group the rate of hydrolysis

Answer 4

increases

Question 5

explain the trend of halides in hydrolysis

Answer 5

since Cl-C is the most polar bond you’d expect the trend to decrease down the group since the nucleophiles would be attached more to the carbon, now that true but there is another factor that is more important, is bond breaking, the faster the bond breaks the faster the hydrolysis occurs. and the least polar bonds require the least energy to break and electronegativity decreases down the group

Question 6

what is the trend of hydrolysis rates with primary and secondary and tertiary halegenoalkanes

Answer 6

tertairy > secoundary > priamary