10C.1 Flashcards
what are alcohol
it is a homologous series of compounds with a general formula of CnH2n+1OH
whta are the 3 important reactions to alcohol
- combustion
- conversions into halogenoalkanes
- dehydration to alkenes
what is halogenation
a reaction where a hydroxyl group in an alcohol molecule is replaced by a halogen atom
describe what happens during the chlorination of alcohol (primary)
Phosphorus(V) chloride (known as pentachloride) is added to the propanol forming a chloropropane and two inorganic compounds which are phosphoryl chloride (POCl3) and hydrochloric acid. since the reaction is very vigorous at room temperature it doesn’t require to be heated
whats one way that tertiary alcohol can be converted to a halogenoalkane (chlorination) that doesn’t work well with a secondary and a primary alcohol
by mixing HCl with the alcohol by shacking producing one other inorganic compound of water
how is bromination carried
it is of two steps. first off add a mixture of KBr with sulfuric acid (no more than 50% concentration) and then it warmed with the alcohol
what are the two inorganic substance that can form during the first step of the bromination of an alcohol
KHSO4: KBr + H2SO4 —-> HBr + KHSO4
K2SO4: 2KBr + H2SO4 —–> K2SO4 + 2HBr
why does the sulfuric acid used in the bromination of alcohol have to be less than 50%
more than 50% it will end up oxidizing the Br ions which is a no-no
what is formed in the last step of bromination
RBr and H2O
how is iodination carried
by mixing red phosphorus with iodine, to form phosphorus(III) iodine the adding alcohol then heating under reflux
what is the first equation for iodination
2P + 3I2 —-> 2PI3
what is the final equation for Bromination
ROH + HBr ——> RBr + H2O
what is the equation of Chlorination of a primary alcohol
ROH + PCl5 —–> RCl + POCl3 + HCl
what is the equation of Chlorination of a tertiary alcohol
ROH + HCl —–> RCl + H2O
what is the final equation for iodination
3ROH + PI3 —–> 3RI + H3PO3
