2A.3 atomic orbitals and electronic confiqurations

Question 1

what is a quantum shell

Answer 1

the energy level of an electron

Question 2

electrons in the first four quantum shells

Answer 2

1. the first quantum shell is closest to the nucleus with the second shell being outside of it and the third being in the region outside the second and so one
2. the first shell is made of one subshell (1s)
3. the second shell is made of two subshells of 2s and 2p with 2p>2s
4. the third shell is made of 3 subshells of 3s 3p 3d with 3d>3p>3s
5. the fourth shell is made of 4 subshells of 4s, 4p, 4d, 4f with 4f>4d>4p>4s

Question 3

which is bigger between quantum shells, subshells, and orbitals

Answer 3

Quantum shell > sub shell (spdf) > orbitals

Question 4

what’s the difference between 1s and 2s

Answer 4

they both hold the same number of electrons (2) and they are in the same shape just that 2s is bigger in size than 1s just as 3s is bigger in size than 2s

Question 5

p orbitals

Answer 5

there are 3 p orbitals ( P(y), P(x), P(z) ) and they all have the same elongated dumbbell shape but the difference between them is their orientation in the space

Question 6

what are the 5 d orbitals

Answer 6

1. d(x^2-y^2)
2 d(z^2)
3. d(xy)
4. d(xz)
5. d(yz)

Question 7

how many electrons does the first quantum shell hold

Answer 7

2

Question 8

how many electrons does them secound quantum shell hold

Answer 8

8

Question 9

how many electrons does the third quantum shell hold

Answer 9

18

Question 10

how many electrons does the fourth quantum shell hold

Answer 10

32

Question 11

what the equation the find how many electrons a quantum shell holds

Answer 11

2(n)^2

n = the number of the quantum shell

Question 12

what is electronic configuration

Answer 12

the number of electrons in each subshell in each energy level of an atom

Question 13

why do electrons jump to 4s from 3p instead of 3d

Answer 13

because 3d has alot of energy and repulsion that the electrons would not face in 4s so they would jump to 4s usually once 2 electrons occupy 4s they would go to 3d but the pattern isn’t always fitting

Question 14

what is the Aufbau principle

Answer 14

it states that as protons are added to the nucleus the electrons are successively are added to the orbital of increasing energy, this would begin to the lowest energy level and continue till there are no more electrons left

Question 15

what is Hund’s rule

Answer 15

electrons will occupy the orbitals singly before pairing takes place

Question 16

what is the Pauli exclusion principle

Answer 16

two electrons cant occupy the same orbitals unless they have opposite spins