10C.2 Flashcards
in oxidation of alcohols what hyfrogens atoms are removed
on hydrogen atom from the OH group and a hydrogen atom from the carbon attached to the OH group
what is a carbonyl group
C=O
why can’t tertiary alcohol be oxidized
because the carbon atom attached to the hydroxyl group doesn’t have any other hydrogen atoms attached
what are ketones
it is a homologous series of organic compounds formed by the oxidization of a secondary alcohol, with an equation of RCOR
how do you show different alkyl groups and the same alkyl group
different = R1, R2
same= R, R
what are an aldehydes
it is a homologous series of organic compounds formed from the partial oxidation of primary alcohol and has an equation of RCHO
what is the problem with aldehydes
they are easily oxidized so they may be oxidized further by gaining oxygen (between the CH) to form a carboxylic acid with the equation of RCOOH
what is the equation that represents the oxidization of aldehydes
page 272
what is the equation that represents the oxidization of secondary alcohols
page 272
what is the equation that represents the oxidization of primary alcohols
page 272
what is a carboxylic acid
it is a homologous series of organic compounds that are formed from the complete oxidization of a primary alcohol
what are the oxidizing reagents that are usually used
potassuim dichormate(IV) and sulfuric acid
whenever the reagents of potassium dichromate(IV) and sulfuric acid are used what colour change is observed
from orange to green
what are the two different techniques to oxidize alcohol
- heating under reflux
2. distillation with addition
when primary alcohol is partially oxidized with potassium dichromate(IV) and sulfuric acid what is formed
water and aldyhades ( pronanal) ends wiht nal
when primary alcohol is fully oxidized with potassium dichromate(IV) and sulfuric acid what is formed
carboxylic acid (ends with noic) propanoic
when secondary alcohol is oxidized with potassium dichromate(IV) and sulfuric acid what is formed
water and ketones (end with none) example is propanone
what is heated under reflex purposed for
to undergo full oxidization to form a ketone or a carboxylic acid
what is heating under reflex
a reaction mixture with a condenser fitted vertically
how is it possible for oxidization to be fully undergone in heating under reflux
it is possible because it doesn’t allow the products of oxidization to leave the mixture if they boil they will be condensed back down
what is the purpose of distillation with addition
to undergo incomplete oxidization to form aldehydes
what is distillation with addition
the heating of a reaction mixture (oxidizing reagent), but adding another liquid (alcohol) and distilling the products formed (aldehydes)
how does distillation able to help with undergoing incomplete oxidization
it distills off the aldehydes to a receiver with a lower temperature (doesn’t go back to the oxidization mixture)
