3B.4 dative covalent bonds

Question 1

what is a dativte covalent bond

Answer 1

it is when an empty orbital of an atom overlaps with an orbital containing lone pair of electrons of another atom

Question 2

how is the dative covalent bond represented

Answer 2

by an arrow from the atom that provides the lone pairs to the atom with the empty orbital

Question 3

what are examples of dative covalent bonds

Answer 3

1. Hydroexonium which is H3O +and it is where the H+ empty 1s orbital would overlap with the orbital with lone pairs of oxygen electrons (bond angle of 107) and it is a trigonal pyramidal
2. the ammonium (NH4+) is where the H+ hydrogen ion s1 orbital would overlap the orbital that contains the lone pairs of electrons in nitrogen forming a tetrahedral with a bond angle of 109.5
3. Auminuim chloride (Al2Cl6) this is where two AlCl3 molecules join together where the empty orbital of the first aluminum in AlCl3 overlaps the orbital of the long pairs of chlorine in the second AlCl3 and vise versa forming Al2Cl6