10C.3 Flashcards
orgainc compounds are usaully not pure they can be contaminated by
- the unreacted starting material
- other organic compounds
- inorganic reagents used
- inorganic products formed
- water
what are the techniques used to purify an organic liquid
- simple distillation
- fractional distillation
- solvent extraction
- drying
- boiling point determination
why do we use different equipment for organic compounds compared to inorganic and what do we need to do to change that
because organic compounds are flammable, or toxic, they might attack bungs and corks increasing the chance of contamination so we need to use special equipment mostly made of glass that can be fitted together using ground-glass joints
what are the apparatuses used for organic compounds and their shape
- pear-shaped flask receiver
- a round bottom flask receiver
- still
- separating funnel
- fractionating column
- condenser
- receiver adapter
- thermometer + adapter
what do we use instead of a bunsen burner in organic experiments
- hot water bath
- hot oil bath
- electric heating mantle
what is simple distillation
it is a method used to separate liquids that have very different boiling points (ideally more than 25c), by boiling and condensing
how does simple distillation work
page 275
how do you step up the apparatus for simple distillation
page 275
what is the purpose of a thermometer in simple distillation
it is there to monitor the temperature of the vapor passing through, if the temperature remains the same it indicates that a compound is distilling, and when the temperature being to rise again another temperature becomes to distill
what is fractional distillation
it is a method used to separate liquids with similar boiling points using a fractionating columnmn
how does the fractional column work
it is made up of many glass beds or broken glass which becomes a surface for the vapor leaving the column to condense, it is then evaporated again as the more hot vapor passes through the column effectively making vapor distill multiple times in the column allowing for better separation
how do you step up the apparatus for fractional distillation
page 276
simple distillation vs fractional distillation
simple distillation is much easier to step and quicker, but it doesn’t separate liquids as well as fractional distillation and it was limited uses
immiscible mean
does not mix
the solvent used in solvent extraction should be?
- the solvent added should not be able to mix (immiscible) with the desired organic product
- the desired organic solvent should be more soluble in the solvent added than in the mixture it’s in
