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Fall 22: Parasites > 33. horse treatment > Flashcards

33. horse treatment Flashcards

1
Q

parasites that infect horses at all ages

A

Strongyles
Tapeworms
Pinworms

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2
Q

Parasites that infect young horses

A

roundworms( GI ascarids)

strongyloides (GI threadworm)

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3
Q

large strongyles transmission

A

direct ingestion of L3 by horse

larva travel thru liver, peritoneum or arteries

adults attach to intestinal mucosa

PPP- 6 months!

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4
Q

strong or small strongyles have high anthelmintic resistance

A

small( cyathostomes)

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5
Q

transmission of small strongyles

A

direct ingestion of L3

live in cecum- no migration through body

PPP 6-12 weeks

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6
Q

larval cyathostomiasis is caused by

A

small strongyle larva arresting inside intestinal wall and then them all emerging at the same time

no test to determine larval burden

strongyle- direct L3 ingestion

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7
Q

Anoplocephala perfoliata cause

A

equine tapeworm

caused by ingestion of mite that contains L2

cause colic- inflammation of intestinal wall, impaction and intussuceptions (serious condition in which part of the intestine slides into an adjacent part of the intestine)

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8
Q

Anoplocephala perfoliata is transmitted by

A

horses eat mites that contain L2

A. perfoliata- horse tapeworm that attaches to ileocecal junction, cecal wall and distal ileum

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9
Q

oxyuris equi are

A

horse pinworms

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10
Q

oxyuris equi is caused by

A

ingestion of larvated (L3) eggs in environment

eggs on perianal region

horse pinworms

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11
Q

pinworms have — resistance

A

some

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12
Q

roundworms in horses cause — and have — resistance

A

significant symptoms

major

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13
Q

Roundworms of equine

A

Parascaris

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14
Q

transmission of Parascaris

A

equine roundworm of young horses

eat sticky eggs from environment

tracheal migration to GI tract of horse

diarrhea, pot belly appearance, weight loss, poor growth, rough haircoat, ↑ suscep viral/bacterial inf

– Intestinal impaction w/ many adults worms
* Natural immunity by 8 months of age

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15
Q

Strongyloides westeri infect young foals by

A

L3 through mare’s milk

penetrate skin or mucous membranes

cause diarrhea and ill-thrift

intestinal threadworms of horse

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16
Q

what drug for strongyle and ascarids in horse

A

oxibendazole
fenbendazole
pyrantel pamoate
ivermectin
moxidectin

17
Q

treatment for tapeworm

A

ivermectin, moxidectin contain Praziquantel that kills tapeworms

double dose of pyrantel pamoate

18
Q

macrocyclic lactones are also called

A

ivermectin

19
Q

egg reappearance period

A

Interval between treatment and resumption of strongyle egg shedding

20
Q

refugia

A

worms not treated:
larvae on pasture
untreated horse
encysted stages of small strongyles

decreases chance of resistance occurring

21
Q

targeted deworming is by

A

identify heavy shedders

Fecal egg count reduction tests- see if drugs work

only treat at most effective times based on parasite life cycle

22
Q

deworming protocol for young horses

A

4 times a year

treat as high shedder if under 3 years old

23
Q

deworming protocol for old horses

A

do fecal egg counts

if high shedder deworm
if low- no treatment

24
Q

what season is best to treat for tapeworm?

A

fall

praziquantel

25
Q

moxidectin is used for

A

kill 70% encysted strongyle larva

only use on high shedder

26
Q

why treat horses at least twice a year with ivermectin

A

kills strongyles

prevents reemergence of large strongyles

27
Q

deworming protocol for foals

A

deworm at 60 days

2-3 months: x2 Fenbendazole
4-6 months: ivermectin
9 months: ivermectin + praziquantel
10-12 months: x2 fenbendazole if round worms present

if high worm burden sudden death can lead to impaction

28
Q

drugs schedule for adult horse

A

low shedder
ivermectin
ivermectin (+ praziquantel)

high shedder
Ivermectin
Ivermectin
Moxidectin + praziquantal
Ivermectin

( use moxidectin to kill encysted strongyl larva)
praz- tapeworm

29
Q

what drugs can cause impaction from death of Parascaris in foals

A

ivermectin or pyrantel

use fenbedazole instead!

30
Q

parascaris have widespread resistance to —

A

ivermectin

31
Q

small strongyls have resistance to

A

fenbendazole and oxibendazole

Fall 22: Parasites (32 decks)

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