33. horse treatment

Question 1

parasites that infect horses at all ages

Answer 1

Strongyles
Tapeworms
Pinworms

Question 2

Parasites that infect young horses

Answer 2

roundworms( GI ascarids)

strongyloides (GI threadworm)

Question 3

large strongyles transmission

Answer 3

direct ingestion of L3 by horse

larva travel thru liver, peritoneum or arteries

adults attach to intestinal mucosa

PPP- 6 months!

Question 4

strong or small strongyles have high anthelmintic resistance

Answer 4

small( cyathostomes)

Question 5

transmission of small strongyles

Answer 5

direct ingestion of L3

live in cecum- no migration through body

PPP 6-12 weeks

Question 6

larval cyathostomiasis is caused by

Answer 6

small strongyle larva arresting inside intestinal wall and then them all emerging at the same time

no test to determine larval burden

strongyle- direct L3 ingestion

Question 7

Anoplocephala perfoliata cause

Answer 7

equine tapeworm

caused by ingestion of mite that contains L2

cause colic- inflammation of intestinal wall, impaction and intussuceptions (serious condition in which part of the intestine slides into an adjacent part of the intestine)

Question 8

Anoplocephala perfoliata is transmitted by

Answer 8

horses eat mites that contain L2

A. perfoliata- horse tapeworm that attaches to ileocecal junction, cecal wall and distal ileum

Question 9

oxyuris equi are

Answer 9

horse pinworms

Question 10

oxyuris equi is caused by

Answer 10

ingestion of larvated (L3) eggs in environment

eggs on perianal region

horse pinworms

Question 11

pinworms have — resistance

Answer 11

some

Question 12

roundworms in horses cause — and have — resistance

Answer 12

significant symptoms

major

Question 13

Roundworms of equine

Answer 13

Parascaris

Question 14

transmission of Parascaris

Answer 14

equine roundworm of young horses

eat sticky eggs from environment

tracheal migration to GI tract of horse

diarrhea, pot belly appearance, weight loss, poor growth, rough haircoat, ↑ suscep viral/bacterial inf

– Intestinal impaction w/ many adults worms
* Natural immunity by 8 months of age

Question 15

Strongyloides westeri infect young foals by

Answer 15

L3 through mare’s milk

penetrate skin or mucous membranes

cause diarrhea and ill-thrift

intestinal threadworms of horse

Question 16

what drug for strongyle and ascarids in horse

Answer 16

oxibendazole
fenbendazole
pyrantel pamoate
ivermectin
moxidectin

Question 17

treatment for tapeworm

Answer 17

ivermectin, moxidectin contain Praziquantel that kills tapeworms

double dose of pyrantel pamoate

Question 18

macrocyclic lactones are also called

Answer 18

ivermectin

Question 19

egg reappearance period

Answer 19

Interval between treatment and resumption of strongyle egg shedding

Question 20

refugia

Answer 20

worms not treated:
larvae on pasture
untreated horse
encysted stages of small strongyles

decreases chance of resistance occurring

Question 21

targeted deworming is by

Answer 21

identify heavy shedders

Fecal egg count reduction tests- see if drugs work

only treat at most effective times based on parasite life cycle

Question 22

deworming protocol for young horses

Answer 22

4 times a year

treat as high shedder if under 3 years old

Question 23

deworming protocol for old horses

Answer 23

do fecal egg counts

if high shedder deworm
if low- no treatment

Question 24

what season is best to treat for tapeworm?

Answer 24

fall

praziquantel

Question 25

moxidectin is used for

Answer 25

kill 70% encysted strongyle larva only use on high shedder

Question 26

why treat horses at least twice a year with ivermectin

Answer 26

kills strongyles prevents reemergence of large strongyles

Question 27

deworming protocol for foals

Answer 27

deworm at 60 days 2-3 months: x2 Fenbendazole 4-6 months: ivermectin 9 months: ivermectin + praziquantel 10-12 months: x2 fenbendazole if round worms present if high worm burden sudden death can lead to impaction

Question 28

drugs schedule for adult horse

Answer 28

low shedder ivermectin ivermectin (+ praziquantel) high shedder Ivermectin Ivermectin Moxidectin + praziquantal Ivermectin ( use moxidectin to kill encysted strongyl larva) praz- tapeworm

Question 29

what drugs can cause impaction from death of Parascaris in foals

Answer 29

ivermectin or pyrantel use fenbedazole instead!

Question 30

parascaris have widespread resistance to ---

Answer 30

ivermectin

Question 31

small strongyls have resistance to

Answer 31

fenbendazole and oxibendazole