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Fall 22: Parasites > 08. trichocephalids > Flashcards

08. trichocephalids Flashcards

1
Q
A

Trichuris

Trichocephalid: Dioctophyma renale, Eucoleus, Trichinella, Trichuris

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2
Q
A

Trichuris
whip worm

Trichocephalid: Dioctophyma renale, Eucoleus, Trichinella, Trichuris

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3
Q

Trichuris egg

A

lemon shape with plug at each end

Trichocephalid: Dioctophyma renale, Eucoleus, Trichinella, Trichuris

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4
Q

whip worms are

A

Trichuris
fine-hair like head embedded in the intestinal wall

posterior thick tail free in the lumen

Trichocephalid: Dioctophyma renale, Eucoleus, Trichinella, Trichuris

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5
Q

life cycle of Trichuris

A

direct life cycle

eat egg with L1, large intestine, poop out egg

PPP depends on species- >3 months for dogs, 1.5 months for pigs

egg-L2 takes 1 month

eggs can survive for years in environment

Trichocephalid: Dioctophyma renale, Eucoleus, Trichinella, Trichuris

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6
Q
A

Trichuris sp.

direct- egg with L1- large intestine
whip worm

Trichocephalid: Dioctophyma renale, Eucoleus, Trichinella, Trichuris

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7
Q

Trichuris vulpis infect

A

dogs

direct to large intestine
whip worm

PPP > 3 months

Trichocephalid: Dioctophyma renale, Eucoleus, Trichinella, Trichuris

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8
Q

Trichuris discolor infect

A

cattle and sheep

direct to large intestine
whip worm

PPP around 3 months

Trichocephalid: Dioctophyma renale, Eucoleus, Trichinella, Trichuris

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9
Q

Trichuris suis infect

A

pigs

direct to large intestine
whip worm

PPP 1.5 months

Trichocephalid: Dioctophyma renale, Eucoleus, Trichinella, Trichuris

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10
Q

clinical signs of Trichuris sp.

A

usually mild to asymptomatic

heavy infectious can cause severe disease

whip worm

Trichocephalid: Dioctophyma renale, Eucoleus, Trichinella, Trichuris

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11
Q

clinical signs of Trichuris vulpis

A

few worms- asymptomatic

heavy- intermittent diarrhea, flecked with mucous and blood, weight loss and anemia, adults in cecum, and wall of colon

whip worm of dogs

Trichocephalid: Dioctophyma renale, Eucoleus, Trichinella, Trichuris

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12
Q

clincial signs of trichuris discolor

A

few worms- asymptomatic

heavy- young animals hemorrhages into lumen of the cecum

ruminants whip worm

Trichocephalid: Dioctophyma renale, Eucoleus, Trichinella, Trichuris

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13
Q

Clincial signs of Trichuris suis

A

few worms- asymptomatic

heavy- catarrhal enteritis, diarrhea, dehydration, anorexia, smaller pigs

whip worm of pigs

Trichocephalid: Dioctophyma renale, Eucoleus, Trichinella, Trichuris

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14
Q

hair worms

A

capilarids (eucoleus)
very fine and small

eggs are asymmetrical with bipolar plugs and are smaller then trichuris sp.

Trichocephalid: Dioctophyma renale, Eucoleus, Trichinella, Trichuris

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15
Q
A

Trichuris- whip worms- lemon shape

Eucoleus- hair worms- asymmetrical with bipolar plugs- smaller

Trichocephalid: Dioctophyma renale, Eucoleus, Trichinella, Trichuris

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16
Q

life cycle of Eucoleus

A

probably direct
egg with L1- small intestine- lungs

PPP 40 days
egg-L1- 30-50 days

asymmetric lemon eggs

Trichocephalid: Dioctophyma renale, Eucoleus, Trichinella, Trichuris

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17
Q

where do adult Eucoleus worms live?

A

lungs/ respiratory system
Eucoleus aerophilus- bronchioles
Eucoleus boehmi- nasal sinus

Trichocephalid: Dioctophyma renale, Eucoleus, Trichinella, Trichuris

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18
Q

Eucoleus aerophilus infect

A

fox, cat, dog

hairworm- attack SI then trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles

Trichocephalid: Dioctophyma renale, Eucoleus, Trichinella, Trichuris

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19
Q

Eucoleus boehmi infect

A

dogs and fox

infect nasal passages- hairworms

Trichocephalid: Dioctophyma renale, Eucoleus, Trichinella, Trichuris

20
Q

Pearsonema plica is found

A

in urine of fox and dogs

type of hairworm- Eucoleus/capullaria

Trichocephalid: Dioctophyma renale, Eucoleus, Trichinella, Trichuris

21
Q

clinical signs of Eucoleus aerophilus

A

few- asymptomatic

severe- cough, nasal discharge, dyspnea, anorexia, pneumonia

found in the trachea, bronchi, bronchioles of dogs, cats and foxes

use fecal float?

hair worm- lung worm

Trichocephalid: Dioctophyma renale, Eucoleus, Trichinella, Trichuris

22
Q

clinical signs of Eucoleus boehmi

A

severe- chronic rhinitis, secondary bacterial infection- purulent discharge

rare intracranial migration

hairworm of fox and dogs that live in nasal passages

Trichocephalid: Dioctophyma renale, Eucoleus, Trichinella, Trichuris

23
Q

diagnosis of Trichuris sp.

A

fecal float
souble centrifufal float
sheather’s sugar solution

differential:
Trichuris- direct to large intestine
Eucoleus (Capillaria) boehmi- similar shaped egg but found in trachea and bronchi of cat, dog, fox
Eucoleus (Capillaria) aerophilus- found in dog and fox nasal passage
Pearsonema plica – urine flotation

Trichocephalid: Dioctophyma renale, Eucoleus, Trichinella, Trichuris

24
Q

Diagnosis for Capilarids/ Eucoleus

A

fecal float: doubel centrifugal flotation and sheather’s sugar solution

differential:
Trichuris- direct to large intestine
Eucoleus (Capillaria) boehmi- similar shaped egg but found in trachea and bronchi of cat, dog, fox
Eucoleus (Capillaria) aerophilus- found in dog and fox nasal passage
Pearsonema plica – urine flotation

Trichocephalid: Dioctophyma renale, Eucoleus, Trichinella, Trichuris

25
Q

difference between Trichuris and Capilarids/Eucoleus egg

A

trichuris- (whipworm) lemon shape, plugged both ends, larger, smooth wall shell, browner, ridges at end of plug, curved sides

Eucoleus- (hairworm) misshaped lemon, smaller, no ridges at end, shell has rough surface and parallel sides

Trichocephalid: Dioctophyma renale, Eucoleus, Trichinella, Trichuris

26
Q
A

E. aerophilus- (lung worm- hair worm) rough, parallel sides

Trichuris-(whipworm- large intestine) smooth curved sides

Trichocephalid: Dioctophyma renale, Eucoleus, Trichinella, Trichuris

27
Q

treatment for Trichuris

A

fenbendazole
ivermectin

reinfection! PPP: 3 months to mature

whip worm- can live in soil for years

Trichocephalid: Dioctophyma renale, Eucoleus, Trichinella, Trichuris

28
Q

treatment and contol of Eucoleus

A

E. boehmi: ivermectin
E. aerophilus: moxidectin

pick up poop
PPP- 40 days
take 30-50 days for egg-L1

hair worms- (lung worms)

Trichocephalid: Dioctophyma renale, Eucoleus, Trichinella, Trichuris

29
Q
A

Trichinella sp

embedded in mucosa of small intestine of swine, carnivores and humans

Trichocephalid: Dioctophyma renale, Eucoleus, Trichinella, Trichuris

30
Q

— are prelarvae that are found embedded in the mucosa of small intestine of swine, carnivores and humans

A

Trichinella

Trichocephalid: Dioctophyma renale, Eucoleus, Trichinella, Trichuris

31
Q

life cycle of Trichinella

A

we dont know

no free living stage
adult and larva live inside host

get infected by eating another host that is infected - zoonotic or indirect

raw or undercooked meat

Trichocephalid: Dioctophyma renale, Eucoleus, Trichinella, Trichuris

32
Q

what animals can Trichinella infect

A

T. pseudospiralis- birds, T. zimbabwensis- reptiles

mammals

Trichocephalid: Dioctophyma renale, Eucoleus, Trichinella, Trichuris

33
Q

T spiralis is a concern because

A

zoontoic

can infect pigs, mammals and humans

Trichocephalid: Dioctophyma renale, Eucoleus, Trichinella, Trichuris

34
Q

what are two common Trichinella in human

A

T. britovi
T. murrelli

from eating raw or undercooked pork or bear meat

Trichocephalid: Dioctophyma renale, Eucoleus, Trichinella, Trichuris

35
Q

clinical signs of Trichinella

A

Enteral phase: mostly asymptomatic, transient diarrhea/nausea

Parenteral phase: 2 weeks post-infection – myalgia, possibly fatal

can infect humans

Trichocephalid: Dioctophyma renale, Eucoleus, Trichinella, Trichuris

36
Q

diagnosis of Trichinella

A

muscle biopsy
clinical signs- muscle pain after eating raw meat
meat inspection

Trichocephalid: Dioctophyma renale, Eucoleus, Trichinella, Trichuris

37
Q

treatment and control of Trichinella sp.

A

no drugs for animals

cook meat to proper temp- 145 degree F

Trichocephalid: Dioctophyma renale, Eucoleus, Trichinella, Trichuris

38
Q

giant kidney worms

A

Dictophyma renale

can reach 1 m in length
deep red-purple

Trichocephalid: Dioctophyma renale, Eucoleus, Trichinella, Trichuris

39
Q
A

Dioctophyma renale

giant kindey worm- eggs passed in urine

Trichocephalid: Dioctophyma renale, Eucoleus, Trichinella, Trichuris

40
Q

life cycle of Dioctophyma renale

A

indirect

eggs passed in urine

annelids (intermediate host) eat eggs- 2 molts

dogs eat annelids or paratenic host (frogs or fish) that ate annelids

intestinal wall- peritoneal cavity- kidney

PPP 6 months

giant kidney worm

Trichocephalid: Dioctophyma renale, Eucoleus, Trichinella, Trichuris

41
Q

PPP of Dioctophyma renale

A

6 months, travel from intestine to kidney

eggs shed in urine

giant kidney worm

Trichocephalid: Dioctophyma renale, Eucoleus, Trichinella, Trichuris

42
Q
A

Dioctophyma renale

giant kidney worm- PPP 6 months

Trichocephalid: Dioctophyma renale, Eucoleus, Trichinella, Trichuris

43
Q

clinical signs of Dioctophyma renale

A

PPP 6 months

renale necrosis
usually attack Right kidney
eggs in abdominal cavity can cause liver lesion, hemoperitoneum and peritonitis

giant kidney worm

Trichocephalid: Dioctophyma renale, Eucoleus, Trichinella, Trichuris

44
Q

diagnosis of Dioctophyma renale

A

urine sediment- eggs found in urine

xray
distended right kidney
ultrasound

giant kidney worm

Trichocephalid: Dioctophyma renale, Eucoleus, Trichinella, Trichuris

45
Q

Treatment and control of Dictophyma renale

A

surgical removal of right kidney

no not feed raw or undercooked frogs or fish

giant kidney worm

Trichocephalid: Dioctophyma renale, Eucoleus, Trichinella, Trichuris

46
Q

fish and frogs are the paratenic host of —-

A

Dioctophyma renale

giant kidney worm

Trichocephalid: Dioctophyma renale, Eucoleus, Trichinella, Trichuris

47
Q

what Trichocephalid is resistant to freezing

A

Trichinella

L1 infectious- uncooked meat- spirals imbedded in muscle

no free living phase

Fall 22: Parasites (32 decks)

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