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Fall 22: Parasites > 22. protoxoa > Flashcards

22. protoxoa Flashcards

1
Q

protozoan means

A

single-celled eukaryotes

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2
Q

4 flagellates

A

giardia
tritrichomonas
leishmania infantum
trypanosoma cruzi

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3
Q

protozoa can be divided into what two groups

A

excavates
apicomplexa

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4
Q

excavates have a — groove
— mitochondria

A

ventral feeding
no

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5
Q

excavates have how many flagellum

A

one or more

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6
Q

which protozoa are free living and parasitic as well as intracellular and extracellular

A

excavates (flagellates)

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7
Q

Apicomplexa have — under cell membrane

A

flat vesicles

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8
Q

which protozoa group has mitochondria

A

apicomplexa

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9
Q

apicomplexa live —

A

parasitic
obligate intracellular

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10
Q

most apicomplexa protozoa have — organelle

A

plastid

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11
Q

— have small fattened sacs/vesicles under the cell membrane

A

Alveolates - apicomplexa

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12
Q

— oocysts are incredibly resilient, bleach will not kill them

A

Cryptosporidium

highly contagious and zoonotic

fecal-oral apicomplexa (alveolates protozoa)

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13
Q

treatment for cryptosporidium

A

clindamycin- does not taste good!

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14
Q

giardia is spread by

A

fecal oral route

eat cyst
cyst hatch to trophozoites in GI tract of dogs(IH/DH)

little to no sex! binary fission- form more cysts that are passed in feces

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15
Q

symptoms of giardia

A

chronic, intermittent diarrhea,

can be subclinical

spread fecal-oral flagellate- excavates- protozoa

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16
Q

treatment for Giardia

A

Panacur (fenbendazole)

Metro

spread fecal-oral flagellate- excavates- protozoa

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17
Q

what does giardia look like under microscope

A

falling leaf

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18
Q

giardia cyst live for the longest in

A

cool water - 1-3 months

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19
Q

infective dose of giardia

A

very low 10-25 cysts

20
Q

how to decrease Giardia

A

get rid of water source, cysts like to live in cool water

treat environment with dry, warm will kill cysts

spread fecal oral- pick up poop and bathe animals

treat all animals in the household- most asymptomatic

21
Q

which assemblage of giardia have high zoonotic potential?

A

A and B
generalists

G. enterica
G. duodenalis

22
Q

giardia generalists infect

A

wide amount- high zoonotic- humans, dogs ect.

G. enterica
G. duodenalis

assemblages A and B

23
Q

giardia are divided into — based on what hosts it infects

A

assemblages

24
Q

beaver fever is caused by

A

giardia assemblages A and B

very zoonotic- generalists

many different lifecycles at same time- very complex

25
Q

giardia life cycle in human

A

cyst has 4 nuclei

will excystation- leave cyst inside the stomach

form excyzoite- has 4 nuclei with flagella

will preform binary fission (asexual reproduction) to form trophozoites

bile acids in jejunum will trigger encystation (2 to 4 nuclei)

26
Q
A

giardia

27
Q

giardia causes — inside the host

A

Damage to apical brush border, compromised tight junctions, and villus blunting

28
Q

giardia infects young or old hosts

A

young

29
Q

tritrichomonas is spread by

A

fecal- oral
sexual

30
Q

— cause spontaneous abortion in cattle

A

Tritrichomonas foetus

31
Q

treatment for T. foetus

A

no treatment
cull heard

cause abortion in cattle

spread sexually and fecal-oral

32
Q
A

Tritrichomonas foetus

undulating membrane

33
Q

—- are flagellates with undulating membrane

A

Tritrichomonas foetus

34
Q

movement of T. foetus

A

forward progression- fast

similar to giardia- moves like leaf

35
Q

T. foetus in cats or cattle cause

A

from cat to cow- cause similar disease

from cow to cat- 1/5 positive- lower success rate

36
Q

T blagburni infect

A

cats
cause chronic loose stool
no good treatment
high fiber diet and probiotics

spread sexually and fecal-oral

37
Q

— cause blackhead disease

A

Histomonas meleagridis

protozoa inside a parasite- lives inside Heterakis (chicken ascardis parasite)

38
Q

Histomonas meleagridis infect

A

young turkeys

protozoa found inside chicken parasite- Heterakis

cause inappetence, lethargy, diarrhea and death

39
Q

Histomonas meleagridis symptoms

A

blackhead disease in young turkeys

infect cecum and liver

Inappetence, lethargy, diarrhea, death

protozoa found inside chicken parasite- Heterakis

40
Q
A

nucleus and kinetoplast

kinetoplastids - Trypanosoma(african sleeping sickness) and leishmania

spread by insect vector

41
Q

— have chain mail structure

A

Kinetoplasts

kinetoplastids - Trypanosoma(african sleeping sickness) and leishmania

spread by insect vector

42
Q

T cruzi is spread by

A

insect vector

into mammal through blood steam and cause cardiomyopathy, megaesophagus, megacolon

Trypanosoma- kinetoplastids

43
Q

— cause chagas disease

A

Trypanosoma cruzi

kinetoplastids flagellate protozoa

cause african sleeping sickness and chagas

44
Q

if T cruzi is non endemic to US, how do 250,000 people get infected?

A

insects live close to primate facility and act as vectors

opossum and raccoon can also be infected

45
Q

Leishmania life cycle

A

vector spread by sand flies

humans are IH- asexual reproduction of protozoa, live in macrophages

sandflies are DH- sexual reproduction inside gut of fly

type of kinetoplastid protozoa

46
Q

leishmania infantum infect

A

fox hounds

fighting- direct contact with infected blood- horizontal transmission
vertical transmission- mom to pup

can cause enlarged spleen and liver

47
Q

symptoms of Leishmania infantum

A

enlarged spleen and liver

seen on histology

type of Kinetoplastid protozoa

Fall 22: Parasites (32 decks)

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