22. protoxoa Flashcards

1
Q

protozoan means

A

single-celled eukaryotes

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2
Q

4 flagellates

A

giardia
tritrichomonas
leishmania infantum
trypanosoma cruzi

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3
Q

protozoa can be divided into what two groups

A

excavates
apicomplexa

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4
Q

excavates have a — groove
— mitochondria

A

ventral feeding
no

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5
Q

excavates have how many flagellum

A

one or more

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6
Q

which protozoa are free living and parasitic as well as intracellular and extracellular

A

excavates (flagellates)

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7
Q

Apicomplexa have — under cell membrane

A

flat vesicles

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8
Q

which protozoa group has mitochondria

A

apicomplexa

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9
Q

apicomplexa live —

A

parasitic
obligate intracellular

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10
Q

most apicomplexa protozoa have — organelle

A

plastid

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11
Q

— have small fattened sacs/vesicles under the cell membrane

A

Alveolates - apicomplexa

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12
Q

— oocysts are incredibly resilient, bleach will not kill them

A

Cryptosporidium

highly contagious and zoonotic

fecal-oral apicomplexa (alveolates protozoa)

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13
Q

treatment for cryptosporidium

A

clindamycin- does not taste good!

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14
Q

giardia is spread by

A

fecal oral route

eat cyst
cyst hatch to trophozoites in GI tract of dogs(IH/DH)

little to no sex! binary fission- form more cysts that are passed in feces

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15
Q

symptoms of giardia

A

chronic, intermittent diarrhea,

can be subclinical

spread fecal-oral flagellate- excavates- protozoa

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16
Q

treatment for Giardia

A

Panacur (fenbendazole)

Metro

spread fecal-oral flagellate- excavates- protozoa

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17
Q

what does giardia look like under microscope

A

falling leaf

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18
Q

giardia cyst live for the longest in

A

cool water - 1-3 months

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19
Q

infective dose of giardia

A

very low 10-25 cysts

20
Q

how to decrease Giardia

A

get rid of water source, cysts like to live in cool water

treat environment with dry, warm will kill cysts

spread fecal oral- pick up poop and bathe animals

treat all animals in the household- most asymptomatic

21
Q

which assemblage of giardia have high zoonotic potential?

A

A and B
generalists

G. enterica
G. duodenalis

22
Q

giardia generalists infect

A

wide amount- high zoonotic- humans, dogs ect.

G. enterica
G. duodenalis

assemblages A and B

23
Q

giardia are divided into — based on what hosts it infects

A

assemblages

24
Q

beaver fever is caused by

A

giardia assemblages A and B

very zoonotic- generalists

many different lifecycles at same time- very complex

25
giardia life cycle in human
cyst has 4 nuclei will excystation- leave cyst inside the stomach form excyzoite- has 4 nuclei with flagella will preform binary fission (asexual reproduction) to form trophozoites bile acids in jejunum will trigger encystation (2 to 4 nuclei)
26
giardia
27
giardia causes --- inside the host
Damage to apical brush border, compromised tight junctions, and villus blunting
28
giardia infects young or old hosts
young
29
tritrichomonas is spread by
fecal- oral sexual
30
--- cause spontaneous abortion in cattle
Tritrichomonas foetus
31
treatment for T. foetus
no treatment cull heard cause abortion in cattle spread sexually and fecal-oral
32
Tritrichomonas foetus undulating membrane
33
---- are flagellates with undulating membrane
Tritrichomonas foetus
34
movement of T. foetus
forward progression- fast similar to giardia- moves like leaf
35
T. foetus in cats or cattle cause
from cat to cow- cause similar disease from cow to cat- 1/5 positive- lower success rate
36
T blagburni infect
cats cause chronic loose stool no good treatment high fiber diet and probiotics spread sexually and fecal-oral
37
--- cause blackhead disease
Histomonas meleagridis protozoa inside a parasite- lives inside Heterakis (chicken ascardis parasite)
38
Histomonas meleagridis infect
young turkeys protozoa found inside chicken parasite- Heterakis cause inappetence, lethargy, diarrhea and death
39
Histomonas meleagridis symptoms
blackhead disease in young turkeys infect cecum and liver Inappetence, lethargy, diarrhea, death protozoa found inside chicken parasite- Heterakis
40
nucleus and kinetoplast kinetoplastids - Trypanosoma(african sleeping sickness) and leishmania spread by insect vector
41
--- have chain mail structure
Kinetoplasts kinetoplastids - Trypanosoma(african sleeping sickness) and leishmania spread by insect vector
42
T cruzi is spread by
insect vector into mammal through blood steam and cause cardiomyopathy, megaesophagus, megacolon Trypanosoma- kinetoplastids
43
--- cause chagas disease
Trypanosoma cruzi kinetoplastids flagellate protozoa cause african sleeping sickness and chagas
44
if T cruzi is non endemic to US, how do 250,000 people get infected?
insects live close to primate facility and act as vectors opossum and raccoon can also be infected
45
Leishmania life cycle
vector spread by sand flies humans are IH- asexual reproduction of protozoa, live in macrophages sandflies are DH- sexual reproduction inside gut of fly type of kinetoplastid protozoa
46
leishmania infantum infect
fox hounds fighting- direct contact with infected blood- horizontal transmission vertical transmission- mom to pup can cause enlarged spleen and liver
47
symptoms of Leishmania infantum
enlarged spleen and liver seen on histology type of Kinetoplastid protozoa