22. protoxoa

Question 1

protozoan means

Answer 1

single-celled eukaryotes

Question 2

4 flagellates

Answer 2

giardia
tritrichomonas
leishmania infantum
trypanosoma cruzi

Question 3

protozoa can be divided into what two groups

Answer 3

excavates
apicomplexa

Question 4

excavates have a — groove
— mitochondria

Answer 4

ventral feeding
no

Question 5

excavates have how many flagellum

Answer 5

one or more

Question 6

which protozoa are free living and parasitic as well as intracellular and extracellular

Answer 6

excavates (flagellates)

Question 7

Apicomplexa have — under cell membrane

Answer 7

flat vesicles

Question 8

which protozoa group has mitochondria

Answer 8

apicomplexa

Question 9

apicomplexa live —

Answer 9

parasitic
obligate intracellular

Question 10

most apicomplexa protozoa have — organelle

Answer 10

plastid

Question 11

— have small fattened sacs/vesicles under the cell membrane

Answer 11

Alveolates - apicomplexa

Question 12

— oocysts are incredibly resilient, bleach will not kill them

Answer 12

Cryptosporidium

highly contagious and zoonotic

fecal-oral apicomplexa (alveolates protozoa)

Question 13

treatment for cryptosporidium

Answer 13

clindamycin- does not taste good!

Question 14

giardia is spread by

Answer 14

fecal oral route

eat cyst
cyst hatch to trophozoites in GI tract of dogs(IH/DH)

little to no sex! binary fission- form more cysts that are passed in feces

Question 15

symptoms of giardia

Answer 15

chronic, intermittent diarrhea,

can be subclinical

spread fecal-oral flagellate- excavates- protozoa

Question 16

treatment for Giardia

Answer 16

Panacur (fenbendazole)

Metro

spread fecal-oral flagellate- excavates- protozoa

Question 17

what does giardia look like under microscope

Answer 17

falling leaf

Question 18

giardia cyst live for the longest in

Answer 18

cool water - 1-3 months

Question 19

infective dose of giardia

Answer 19

very low 10-25 cysts

Question 20

how to decrease Giardia

Answer 20

get rid of water source, cysts like to live in cool water

treat environment with dry, warm will kill cysts

spread fecal oral- pick up poop and bathe animals

treat all animals in the household- most asymptomatic

Question 21

which assemblage of giardia have high zoonotic potential?

Answer 21

A and B
generalists

G. enterica
G. duodenalis

Question 22

giardia generalists infect

Answer 22

wide amount- high zoonotic- humans, dogs ect.

G. enterica
G. duodenalis

assemblages A and B

Question 23

giardia are divided into — based on what hosts it infects

Answer 23

assemblages

Question 24

beaver fever is caused by

Answer 24

giardia assemblages A and B

very zoonotic- generalists

many different lifecycles at same time- very complex

Question 25

giardia life cycle in human

Answer 25

cyst has 4 nuclei will excystation- leave cyst inside the stomach form excyzoite- has 4 nuclei with flagella will preform binary fission (asexual reproduction) to form trophozoites bile acids in jejunum will trigger encystation (2 to 4 nuclei)

Question 26

Answer 26

giardia

Question 27

giardia causes --- inside the host

Answer 27

Damage to apical brush border, compromised tight junctions, and villus blunting

Question 28

giardia infects young or old hosts

Answer 28

young

Question 29

tritrichomonas is spread by

Answer 29

fecal- oral sexual

Question 30

--- cause spontaneous abortion in cattle

Answer 30

Tritrichomonas foetus

Question 31

treatment for T. foetus

Answer 31

no treatment cull heard cause abortion in cattle spread sexually and fecal-oral

Question 32

Answer 32

Tritrichomonas foetus undulating membrane

Question 33

---- are flagellates with undulating membrane

Answer 33

Tritrichomonas foetus

Question 34

movement of T. foetus

Answer 34

forward progression- fast similar to giardia- moves like leaf

Question 35

T. foetus in cats or cattle cause

Answer 35

from cat to cow- cause similar disease from cow to cat- 1/5 positive- lower success rate

Question 36

T blagburni infect

Answer 36

cats cause chronic loose stool no good treatment high fiber diet and probiotics spread sexually and fecal-oral

Question 37

--- cause blackhead disease

Answer 37

Histomonas meleagridis protozoa inside a parasite- lives inside Heterakis (chicken ascardis parasite)

Question 38

Histomonas meleagridis infect

Answer 38

young turkeys protozoa found inside chicken parasite- Heterakis cause inappetence, lethargy, diarrhea and death

Question 39

Histomonas meleagridis symptoms

Answer 39

blackhead disease in young turkeys infect cecum and liver Inappetence, lethargy, diarrhea, death protozoa found inside chicken parasite- Heterakis

Question 40

Answer 40

nucleus and kinetoplast kinetoplastids - Trypanosoma(african sleeping sickness) and leishmania spread by insect vector

Question 41

--- have chain mail structure

Answer 41

Kinetoplasts kinetoplastids - Trypanosoma(african sleeping sickness) and leishmania spread by insect vector

Question 42

T cruzi is spread by

Answer 42

insect vector into mammal through blood steam and cause cardiomyopathy, megaesophagus, megacolon Trypanosoma- kinetoplastids

Question 43

--- cause chagas disease

Answer 43

Trypanosoma cruzi kinetoplastids flagellate protozoa cause african sleeping sickness and chagas

Question 44

if T cruzi is non endemic to US, how do 250,000 people get infected?

Answer 44

insects live close to primate facility and act as vectors opossum and raccoon can also be infected

Question 45

Leishmania life cycle

Answer 45

vector spread by sand flies humans are IH- asexual reproduction of protozoa, live in macrophages sandflies are DH- sexual reproduction inside gut of fly type of kinetoplastid protozoa

Question 46

leishmania infantum infect

Answer 46

fox hounds fighting- direct contact with infected blood- horizontal transmission vertical transmission- mom to pup can cause enlarged spleen and liver

Question 47

symptoms of Leishmania infantum

Answer 47

enlarged spleen and liver seen on histology type of Kinetoplastid protozoa