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Fall 22: Parasites > 04 + 05. Trich > Flashcards

04 + 05. Trich Flashcards

1
Q

examples of trichostrongyles

A

haemonchus
ostertagia
trichostrongylus

Dictyocaulus viviparus

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2
Q

major features of trichostrongyles

A

small-hair like
large copulatory bursa
small bucaal capsule
strongyle-type eggs
live in stomach and small intestine

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3
Q
A

trichuris

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4
Q
A

nematodirus- very large strongyle-type egg

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5
Q

how many adults per egg of trichostrongyles

A

one adult

haemonchus
ostertagia
trichostrongylus
Dictyocaulus viviparus

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6
Q

periparturient rise

A

larvea will hatch at same time as host having new baby- allows it to infect naive host

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7
Q

anti-worm drug also called

A

anti-helminthic

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8
Q

how can haemonchus produce 10,000 eggs per day

A

feeds on blood

Trichostrongyle: haemonchus, ostertagia, trichostrongylus + Dictyocaulus viviparus

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9
Q

the increase in number of nematode eggs produced by ewes in the period 4 to 8 weeks after parturition.

A

periparturient rise

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10
Q

a temporary halt in the parasitic phase of development at a specific point in the nematode life cycle.

A

arrested development

waits until environment is favorable to continue

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11
Q

three things that cause arrested development

A

seasonal influences
host immune response
competition

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12
Q

what does synchronous development of larvae mean?

A

arrested worms all come out at the same time leading to serious disease

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13
Q

dictyocaulus viviparus lifecycle

A

no eggs!
lung worm

adult produce live L1, in poop- pilobolus fungi launch L3 to new areas
eaten by host- migrate to lungs-coughed and swallowed back into gut and make babies

Trichostrongyle: haemonchus, ostertagia, trichostrongylus + Dictyocaulus

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14
Q

symptoms of Dictyocaulus viviparus

A

cough, tachypnea, dyspnea, wasting

lung worm, no eggs, pilobolus fungus

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15
Q
A

Dictyocaulus viviparus larvae in lung with inflammatory cells (eosinophils)

lungworm- no eggs, pilobolus fungi

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16
Q

what is the basic lifecycle of most trichostrongyle worms?

A

Dictyocaulus viviparus- exception- no eggs, lung worm- pilobolus fungi spread

Trichostrongyle: haemonchus, ostertagia, trichostrongylus + Dictyocaulus

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17
Q

what are some strategies for parasite success

A

arrested developement
periparturinet rise
high egg count
overwintering

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18
Q
A

dictyocaulus viviparus

Trichostrongyle: haemonchus, ostertagia, trichostrongylus + Dictyocaulus

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19
Q

nonspecific sign of eye irritation

A

chemosis

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20
Q

how does anemia lead to edema

A

loss of proteins cause fluid to accumulate outside of vessels

21
Q

Haemonchus cause

A

bottle jaw
anemia
weakness
edema
NO DIARRHEA

baberpole worm

Trichostrongyle: haemonchus, ostertagia, trichostrongylus + Dictyocaulus

22
Q

what trichostrongyle does not cause diarrhea

A

Haemonchus- barberpole worm- anemia and bottle jaw

Trichostrongyle: haemonchus, ostertagia, trichostrongylus + Dictyocaulus

23
Q
A

Haemonchus- barberpole worm- blood feeding- anemia, hypoproteinemia and bottle jaw

Trichostrongyle: haemonchus, ostertagia, trichostrongylus + Dictyocaulus

24
Q

hosts for haemonchus

A

sheep and goats and ruminants

Haemonchus- barberpole-blood feeding- anemia, low protein and bottle jaw

Trichostrongyle: haemonchus, ostertagia, trichostrongylus + Dictyocaulus

25
Q

how to treat haemochus

A

famachia grading- drugs- but lead to resistance
no vaccine
rotational grazing
cull

Trichostrongyle: haemonchus, ostertagia, trichostrongylus + Dictyocaulus

26
Q

famacha scoring is for

A

Haemonchus infection
3-5 treat

Trichostrongyle: haemonchus, ostertagia, trichostrongylus + Dictyocaulus

27
Q
A

this shows there are only a small amount of animals with a very high amount of worms.

if you cull these animals you can decrease the overall amount of worms produced

Trichostrongyle: haemonchus, ostertagia, trichostrongylus + Dictyocaulus

28
Q

refugia

A

only treat some of the herd, that way the next wave of parasites is still suseptible to medications

29
Q

ostertagis cause

A

profuse watery diarrhea
anorexia
dehydration
weight loss
bottle jaw
anemia

Trichostrongyle: haemonchus, ostertagia, trichostrongylus + Dictyocaulus

30
Q

what does haemonchus look like

A

barberpole
large bursa- male
spike- blood feeders- female

Haemonchus- barberpole-blood feeding- anemia, low protein and bottle jaw

Trichostrongyle: haemonchus, ostertagia, trichostrongylus + Dictyocaulus

31
Q

what does ostertagia look like

A

threadlike
large bursa- male

Trichostrongyle: haemonchus, ostertagia, trichostrongylus + Dictyocaulus

32
Q

ostertagia infect

A

cattle

Trichostrongyle: haemonchus, ostertagia, trichostrongylus + Dictyocaulus

33
Q

where do ostertagia L3 grow into L5

A

in the glands of the rumen of cattle

Trichostrongyle: haemonchus, ostertagia, trichostrongylus + Dictyocaulus

34
Q
A

ostertagia

Trichostrongyle: haemonchus, ostertagia, trichostrongylus + Dictyocaulus

35
Q

how does ostertagia effect pH of the rumen

A

will increase pH
live inside and destroy the glands that produce HCl
cause erosion and undifferentiated cells

Trichostrongyle: haemonchus, ostertagia, trichostrongylus + Dictyocaulus

36
Q

what trichostrongyle will change the pH of the stomach

A

ostertagia

live in gastric glands- increase pH, ↑plama pepsinogen, low albulmin

Trichostrongyle: haemonchus, ostertagia, trichostrongylus + Dictyocaulus

37
Q

how does ostertagia cause increased plasma pepsingogen

A

destroy paietal cells that make HCl→ increased pH

pepsingogen needs low pH in order to be cleaved into pepsin

pepsin is used to cut proteins into peptides

live in gastric glands- increase pH, ↑plama pepsinogen, low albulmin

Trichostrongyle: haemonchus, ostertagia, trichostrongylus + Dictyocaulus

38
Q

type 1 ostertagia

A

young cattle grazing contaminated pasture for the 1st time

live in gastric glands- increase pH, ↑plama pepsinogen, low albulmin

Trichostrongyle: haemonchus, ostertagia, trichostrongylus + Dictyocaulus

39
Q

Type II ostertagia

A

older animals
parastite all leave arrested L4 at same time

live in gastric glands- increase pH, ↑plama pepsinogen, low albulmin

Trichostrongyle: haemonchus, ostertagia, trichostrongylus + Dictyocaulus

40
Q

symptoms of Trichostrongylus colubriformis

A

small intestine of ruminants

mucosal disruption, flattening of villi
protein loss and protracted diarrhea

Trichostrongyle: haemonchus, ostertagia, trichostrongylus + Dictyocaulus

41
Q

symptoms of Trichostrongylus axei

A

stomach: ruminants, swine and horses

erosion of galndular epithelium in stomach
mucosal permeability
nodules
hyperemic gastritits in horses

Trichostrongyle: haemonchus, ostertagia, trichostrongylus + Dictyocaulus

42
Q
A

Trichostrongylus- attack mucosa/glandular epithelium

Trichostrongyle: haemonchus, ostertagia, trichostrongylus + Dictyocaulus

43
Q
A

Trichostrongyle: haemonchus, ostertagia, trichostrongylus + Dictyocaulus

44
Q

what trichostrongyle cause gastritis

A

ostertagia

live in gastric glands- increase pH, ↑plama pepsinogen, low albulmin

Trichostrongyle: haemonchus, ostertagia, trichostrongylus + Dictyocaulus

45
Q

what trichostrongyle cause diarrhea

A

ostertagia- gastric glands, profuse and watery diarrhea, anorexia
trichostrongylus- mucosal disruption

Trichostrongyle: haemonchus, ostertagia, trichostrongylus + Dictyocaulus

46
Q

what trichostrongyle cause starvation

A

ostertagia- gastric glands- leads to profuse and watery diarrhea, anorexia and wasting

Trichostrongyle: haemonchus, ostertagia, trichostrongylus + Dictyocaulus

47
Q

what trichostrongylus cause anemia

A

haemonchus

barberpole-blood feeding- anemia, low protein and bottle jaw

Trichostrongyle: haemonchus, ostertagia, trichostrongylus + Dictyocaulus

48
Q

Sheep and goats are most severely affected by which trichostrongyle

A

Haemonchus contortus.

Fall 22: Parasites (32 decks)

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