25 coccidia Flashcards

1
Q
A

eimeria

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2
Q

Unicellular eukaryotic parasites, they
move by gliding and invade host cells where they replicate

A

apicomplexa

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3
Q

coccidia make — which are meiotic spores

A

oocyst

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4
Q

most apicomplexa have — organelles

A

plastids- little chloroplasts that provide food and color to cells

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5
Q

ampicomplexa have — genome

A

haplonts (1N)

will go through meiosis immediately after fertilization

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6
Q

how do apicomplexa move

A

gliding- conveyor belt

actin/myosin and trail of parasite protein

(sorta like a snail)

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7
Q

— system moves proteins that are secreted onto the surface at the
apical end in to the basal
end of the parasite like a conveyor belt

A

actin/myosin

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8
Q

— deliver adhesion complexes to the parasite surface and
are needed for gliding
and invasion

A

Micronemes

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9
Q

— are secreted
only during invasion

A

Rhoptries

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10
Q

Dense Granules are
secreted after —

A

invasion

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11
Q

Actin filaments are moved by myosin motors anchored in the parasite cell to the — and its microtubule skeleton by the GAP complex

A

pellicle

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12
Q

how does apicomplexan get into host cell

A

moving junctions

rhoptries inject protein into host cell that acts as anchor gliding machine (micronemes) to pull cell into the cell

leave behind small piece as door

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13
Q

Parasite —- ‘inject’
proteins into the host cell
(RON) to serve as receptors for proteins secreted by —- that link to the gliding machine (AMA)

A

rhoptries

micronemes

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14
Q

DNA replication, nucleur division, and daughter formation occur together and two cells emerge

A

Endodyogeny

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15
Q

Multiple rounds of DNA replication and nuclear division lead to multinucleated schizont. Each nucleus is ‘packed’ into a daughter in final division and many cells emerge at once

A

Schizogony

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16
Q

DNA replicates
multiple times yielding a large polyploid nucleus. In final division nucleus split into many small nuclei that are ‘packed’ into daughters. Many
cells emerge at once

A

Endopolygeny

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17
Q

crypto oocyst looks like

A

sporozoites/oocyst

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18
Q

eimeria oocyst look like

A

4 sporocysts/oocysts
2 sporozoites/sporocyst
8 sporozoites/oocyst

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19
Q
A
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20
Q

cyclospora oocysts look

A
21
Q

eimeria have — life cycle

A

single host

highly host specific

22
Q

steps of eimeria lifecycle

A

Schizogony- asexual reproduction- amplify parasite and cause cell destruction

Gamogony- male gametes with 2 flagella

Sporogony- meiosis outside the host

23
Q

chicken coccidiosis causes

A

Infected birds are lethargic, have ruffled feathers, tend to huddle
and exhibit diarrhea, with or without blood. Laying hens produce fewer eggs, broilers show reduced feed conversion.

24
Q

Infection with some Eimeria species produces significant
microbiome changes that leave birds vulnerable to secondary
infection – strong association with E. tenella and — which results in necrotic enteritis high mortality

A

Clostridium
perfringens

25
Q

chicken coccidiosis infects

A

young birds in new environment

26
Q

different eimeria form niches within —

A

different parts of avian GI tract

27
Q

— is highly pathogenic and causes distended ceca with bloody lesions

A

E. tenella

chicken disease

28
Q

— infects small intestine and causes distention and hemorrhage

A

E. necatrix

29
Q

anti-coccial drugs are —

A

ionophores- allow charged particle to move across membrane

most of these drugs are now resistant

30
Q

vaccination for eimeria

A

live attenuated vaccine
sprayed on chicks

31
Q

precocious vaccine life cycle

A

shortened to decrease pathogenicity

32
Q

Bovine coccidiosis cause

A

watery feces and soiled perineum

33
Q

what three cattle coccidiosis cause disease

A

E. zuernii, E. bovis, and E. auburnensis.

cause watery feces and soiled perineum

34
Q

stress will cause — in bovine coccidosis

A

death, delay in weight gain

cold stress- nervous form- tremors and convulsions

35
Q

— cause of foul smelling yellowish diarrheal disease in nursing piglets

A

Isopora suis

36
Q

pigs

A

Isopora suis

37
Q

Isopora suis coinfection with — cause bloody diarrhea and increased weight loss and higher mortality

A

Clostridium perfringes

38
Q

explain antifolate therapy

A

double strike

used to treat coccidia parasite

block folate synthesis
block folate recharging

39
Q

— are unicellular eukaryotic parasites that move
by gliding, invade cells, and replicate within them

A

Apicomplexa

40
Q

— are a subclass or Apicomplexa that produce environmentally hardy meiotic spores or — and cause infection of intestinal epithelia (Eimeria) as well as deep tissue infection (Toxoplasma, Sarcocystis)

A

Coccidia

oocysts

41
Q

— and related species have a — asexual &
sexual lifecycle and cause — disease in most animals of veterinary interest.

A

Eimeria

single host

diarrheal

42
Q

toxoplasma use — to divide

A

endodyogeny- normal division

43
Q

plasmodium use — to divide

A

Schizogony- many nuclei break into many daughter cells

44
Q

Sarcocystis use — to divide

A

endopolygeny- really big nucleus that breaks into many daughter cells

45
Q
A

eimeria

46
Q
A

isopora
toxoplasma

47
Q
A

cyclospora

48
Q
A

cryptosporidium