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Fall 22: Parasites > 06 and 07. Ascaridida > Flashcards

06 and 07. Ascaridida Flashcards

1
Q

characteristics of ascaridia

A

non bursate
round worms
large worms- 10 cms
3 lips
eggs are round, thick, brown
live in small intestine
no buccal capsule

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2
Q

ascarids live where in the host

A

small intestine

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3
Q

ascarids eat

A

digested food in the small intestine

non-buccal/plug feeders

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4
Q
A

ascarids

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5
Q

Toxascaris leonina effect

A

dogs and cats

Ascarids- Toxocara canis, Toxocara cati, Toxascaris leonina, Baylisascaris procyonis

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6
Q

baylisascaris procyonis effect

A

racoons and dogs

Ascarids- Toxocara canis, Toxocara cati, Toxascaris leonina, Baylisascaris procyonis

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7
Q

4 type of ascarids

A

Ascarids-
Toxocara canis- dogs
Toxocara cati- cats
Toxascaris leonina- dogs and cats
Baylisascaris procyonis- racoons and dogs

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8
Q

— can infect artic foxes since the eggs can survive freezing

A

Toxascaris leonina

Ascarids- Toxocara canis, Toxocara cati, Toxascaris leonina, Baylisascaris procyonis

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9
Q

— is widespread in the US and Canada. Highest in the Northeast, Midwest, and Western US. Can infect up to 80% of surveyed racoons

A

Baylisascaris procyonis

Ascarids- Toxocara canis, Toxocara cati, Toxascaris leonina, Baylisascaris procyonis

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10
Q

Ronnie, a 5-year-old German Shepard from Medford NJ, was brought into his local veterinary clinic because he vomited up a “worm” just after his pre-dinner walk. Only the “worm” and some clear fluid came up. The “worm” (which the owner brought in along with the dog) is shown below. The fecal float, done in-house, was NPS (no parasites seen).

what is it?
how did he get it?
what to do?

A

toxocara canis

ate the egg or a paratenic host

nothing- probably only one worm- self healed by vomiting- make sure on monthly preventatives

Ascarids- Toxocara canis, Toxocara cati, Toxascaris leonina, Baylisascaris procyonis

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11
Q

how does ascarids survive in host

A

coil into the small intestine wall
blunt ville, damage mucosa

Ascarids- Toxocara canis, Toxocara cati, Toxascaris leonina, Baylisascaris procyonis

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12
Q

what ascarids effect dogs

A

Toxocara canis,
Toxascaris leonina
Baylisascaris procyonis

Ascarids- Toxocara canis, Toxocara cati, Toxascaris leonina, Baylisascaris procyonis

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13
Q

what are the two pathways of migration of an ascarids

A

tracheal or somatic migration

Ascarids- Toxocara canis, Toxocara cati, Toxascaris leonina, Baylisascaris procyonis

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14
Q

what is tracheal migration of an ascarids

A

ingest egg
hatch and invade small intestine wall
to liver via portal circulation
to heart and lungs
coughed up and swallowed
mature to adults in small intestine
eggs pooped out

Ascarids- Toxocara canis, Toxocara cati, Toxascaris leonina, Baylisascaris procyonis

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15
Q

somatic migration of ascarids

A

ingest egg
hatch and invade small intestine wall
to liver via portal circulation
to heart and lungs
somatic migration to heart and systemic circulation
L2s form cysts in tissues
hybobiosis(arrested development)

Ascarids- Toxocara canis, Toxocara cati, Toxascaris leonina, Baylisascaris procyonis

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16
Q

tracheal or somatic migration of ascarids will cause cyst formation in tissues

A

somatic migration

Ascarids- Toxocara canis, Toxocara cati, Toxascaris leonina, Baylisascaris procyonis

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17
Q

what type of ascarids can do tracheal migration and somatic

A

Toxocara canis, Toxocara cati, Baylisascaris procyonis

Ascarids- Toxocara canis, Toxocara cati, Toxascaris leonina, Baylisascaris procyonis

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18
Q

what kind of migration can toxocara canis do that other ascarids can not

A

prenatal- through plecenta

Ascarids- Toxocara canis, Toxocara cati, Toxascaris leonina, Baylisascaris procyonis

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19
Q

what ascarids can transmit through milk

A

toxocara canis
toxocara cati

transmammary transmission

Ascarids- Toxocara canis, Toxocara cati, Toxascaris leonina, Baylisascaris procyonis

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20
Q
A

toxocara canis

Ascarids- Toxocara canis, Toxocara cati, Toxascaris leonina, Baylisascaris procyonis

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21
Q
A

toxocara canis

Ascarids- Toxocara canis, Toxocara cati, Toxascaris leonina, Baylisascaris procyonis

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22
Q

what is the lifecycle of toxocara canis

A

can spread through placenta, milk, or ingestion of egg or paratenic host

then can go through tracheal or somatic migration in the host

Ascarids- Toxocara canis, Toxocara cati, Toxascaris leonina, Baylisascaris procyonis

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23
Q

mature toxocara canis eggs can survive

A

takes 2 weeks to mature

lasts years in the environment

Ascarids- Toxocara canis, Toxocara cati, Toxascaris leonina, Baylisascaris procyonis

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24
Q

indirect lifecycle of toxocara canis

A

paratenic host eats egg with L2 larvae

L2 hatch- move to liver-lung-then somatic migration into tissue and form cysts

dogs eats infected host

L2→ adult in intestine of the dog

PPP: 3-4 weeks. Mild infection

Ascarids- Toxocara canis, Toxocara cati, Toxascaris leonina, Baylisascaris procyonis

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25
transplacental migration of toxocara canis
**mature dog >6 months** eats L2 egg hatch- liver- lungs- somatic migation - cyst in tissues pregnancy trigger activation of larvea- transfer through placenta to fetal liver- lungs undergo tracheal migration- molt into L3- coughed up and swallowed molt L4-adult in small intestine in puppy | 80% death 4-5 week PPP ## Footnote Ascarids- Toxocara canis, Toxocara cati, Toxascaris leonina, Baylisascaris procyonis
26
if dog older then 6 months what transmission pathway for ascarids
somatic- cysts in tissues ## Footnote Ascarids- Toxocara canis, Toxocara cati, Toxascaris leonina, Baylisascaris procyonis
27
transmammary transmission of toxocara canis
**mature dog >6 months** eats L2 egg hatch- liver- lungs- somatic migation - cyst in tissues pregnancy activate arrested larvae- travel to mammary glands L3 ingested by pups (no need for tracheal migration already L3) L3-L4 in stomach L4-adult in small intestine | whelping starts at 6 weeks because L4 formation takes 7 weeks ## Footnote Ascarids- Toxocara canis, Toxocara cati, Toxascaris leonina, Baylisascaris procyonis
28
direct lifecycle of toxocara canis in puppy
eat egg liver- lungs tracheal migration- coughed up and swallowed L3-L4 in stomach L4-adult in small intestine | ppp- 4-5 weeks ## Footnote Ascarids- Toxocara canis, Toxocara cati, Toxascaris leonina, Baylisascaris procyonis
29
what causes potbelly in puppy
toxocara canis infection cause swelling and edema and blunts villi wall- failure to thrive | worms coil up in intestine ## Footnote Ascarids- Toxocara canis, Toxocara cati, Toxascaris leonina, Baylisascaris procyonis
30
toxocara canis somatic migration in >6 month old dogs ## Footnote Ascarids- Toxocara canis, Toxocara cati, Toxascaris leonina, Baylisascaris procyonis
31
what does adult toxocaris canis look like
large round worm cervical alea no copulatory bursa no buccal capsule 3 lips ## Footnote Ascarids- Toxocara canis, Toxocara cati, Toxascaris leonina, Baylisascaris procyonis
32
toxocara cati ## Footnote Ascarids- Toxocara canis, Toxocara cati, Toxascaris leonina, Baylisascaris procyonis
33
how can toxocara cati cause infection
paratenic host eat egg transmammary- through milk ## Footnote Ascarids- Toxocara canis, Toxocara cati, Toxascaris leonina, Baylisascaris procyonis
34
indiect life cycle of toxocara cati
paratenic host eat egg L2 hatch and move to liver and lungs somatic migration- cysts in tissue cat eats infected host L2-adult in intestine of cat | PPP= 3 weeks, mild infection ## Footnote Ascarids- Toxocara canis, Toxocara cati, Toxascaris leonina, Baylisascaris procyonis
35
direct life cycle of toxocara cati
cat eats egg with L2 hatch and invade stomach can undergo tracheal migration o somatic migration (not age dependent like toxocara canis) | PPP 5-8 weeks ## Footnote Ascarids- Toxocara canis, Toxocara cati, Toxascaris leonina, Baylisascaris procyonis
36
when does toxocara cati stay in the GI tract of the host
during indirect life cycle and during transmammary transmission kittens ingest L2 larvea no need for migration outside GI will form adults in GI tract ## Footnote Ascarids- Toxocara canis, Toxocara cati, Toxascaris leonina, Baylisascaris procyonis
37
what ascarids has no somatic migration in difinitive host
Toxascaris leonina ## Footnote Ascarids- Toxocara canis, Toxocara cati, Toxascaris leonina, Baylisascaris procyonis
38
lifecycle of toxascaris leonina
dog or cat eat egg with L2 hatch in small intestine L2-adult in gut or paratentic host eats egg somatic migration and cysts at L3 dogs eats infected host L3-adult in gut | PPP-10 weeks ## Footnote Ascarids- Toxocara canis, Toxocara cati, Toxascaris leonina, Baylisascaris procyonis
39
why does toxascaris leonina have longer PPP
no somatic migration in the definitive host all molts in the GI tract takes 10 weeks, vs toxocara canis- 4 weeks ## Footnote Ascarids- Toxocara canis, Toxocara cati, Toxascaris leonina, Baylisascaris procyonis
40
clinical signs of toxocara canis
repsiratory signs pot belly abdominal distress sweet smell? ## Footnote Ascarids- Toxocara canis, Toxocara cati, Toxascaris leonina, Baylisascaris procyonis
41
toxacara canis dimpled- golf ball ## Footnote cat and dog Ascarids- Toxocara canis, Toxocara cati, Toxascaris leonina, Baylisascaris procyonis
42
toxascaris leonina | smooth surface ## Footnote cat and dog Ascarids- Toxocara canis, Toxocara cati, Toxascaris leonina, Baylisascaris procyonis
43
Baylisascaris procyonis ## Footnote Ascarids- Toxocara canis, Toxocara cati, Toxascaris leonina, Baylisascaris procyonis
44
what ascarids found in dogs have cervical alae?
Toxocara canis Toxascaris leonina ## Footnote Ascarids- Toxocara canis, Toxocara cati, Toxascaris leonina, Baylisascaris procyonis
45
# in a cat
toxocara cati golf ball/ dimpled ## Footnote Ascarids- Toxocara canis, Toxocara cati, Toxascaris leonina, Baylisascaris procyonis
46
what ascarids in cats have cervical alae
toxocara cati toxascaris leonina ## Footnote Ascarids- Toxocara canis, Toxocara cati, Toxascaris leonina, Baylisascaris procyonis
47
ascarids can cause --- in zoonotic hosts
larva migrans can move to eyes, cause blindness can move to visera- cause fever, liver damage, asthma, pneumonia ## Footnote Ascarids- Toxocara canis, Toxocara cati, Toxascaris leonina, Baylisascaris procyonis
48
--- are large, neurotrophic larvae in paratenic hosts (and humans)
Baylisascaris procyonis | can move to brain! ## Footnote Ascarids- Toxocara canis, Toxocara cati, Toxascaris leonina, Baylisascaris procyonis
49
what do ascaridia galli eggs look like?
thick wall ovid, smooth sorta look like strongyle-like eggs ## Footnote more ascarids: ascaridia galli, heterakis gallinarum, histomonas meleagridis, parascaris equorum, ascaris suum, toxocara vitulorum
50
what ascarids effect birds
ascaridia galli- chickens heterakis gallinarum- pheasants, turkeys, chickens ## Footnote more ascarids: ascaridia galli, heterakis gallinarum, histomonas meleagridis, parascaris equorum, ascaris suum, toxocara vitulorum
51
lifecycle of ascaridia galli
eat egg small intestine poop out eggs 30-50 days survive for 3 months in soil | chickens- thick walled, oval eggs ## Footnote more ascarids: ascaridia galli, heterakis gallinarum, histomonas meleagridis, parascaris equorum, ascaris suum, toxocara vitulorum
52
heterakis galliarum effect
cecum of pheasants, turkeys, chicken ## Footnote more ascarids: ascaridia galli, heterakis gallinarum, histomonas meleagridis, parascaris equorum, ascaris suum, toxocara vitulorum
53
lifecycle of Heterakis gallinarum
pheasant, turkey or chicken eat paratenic host or egg mature in cecum eggs in feces | vector for Histomonas meleagridis ## Footnote more ascarids: ascaridia galli, heterakis gallinarum, histomonas meleagridis, parascaris equorum, ascaris suum, toxocara vitulorum
54
symptoms of Heterakis gallinarum
primary- mild secondary- nodule formation, intestinal wall thickening, decreased egg production effect cecum of pheasants, turkeu or chickens carries Histomonas meleagridis | PPP 24-40 days, 2 years in soil ## Footnote more ascarids: ascaridia galli, heterakis gallinarum, histomonas meleagridis, parascaris equorum, ascaris suum, toxocara vitulorum
55
--- carries histomonas meleagridis
Heterakis gallinarum | pheasants, turkey, chicken in the cecum ## Footnote more ascarids: ascaridia galli, heterakis gallinarum, histomonas meleagridis, parascaris equorum, ascaris suum, toxocara vitulorum
56
--- can cause 100% death of young turkeys
histomonas meleagridis Black head disease lives inside the Heterakis gallinarum parasite chicken reservoir host for transmission to turkeys ## Footnote more ascarids: ascaridia galli, heterakis gallinarum, histomonas meleagridis, parascaris equorum, ascaris suum, toxocara vitulorum
57
Blackhead disease cause---
decreased appetite darkening facial regions diarrhea death caused by Histomonas meleagridis that lives inside the Heterakis gallinarum parasite chickens can spread to turkeys- deadly to young turkey live in soil for 2 years ## Footnote more ascarids: ascaridia galli, heterakis gallinarum, histomonas meleagridis, parascaris equorum, ascaris suum, toxocara vitulorum
58
lifecycle of Ascaris suum
small intestine portal vein- liver- lungs- coughed up and swallowed small intestine L3-adult ## Footnote more ascarids: ascaridia galli, heterakis gallinarum, histomonas meleagridis, parascaris equorum, ascaris suum, toxocara vitulorum
59
paratenic hosts for ascaris suum
earthworm and dung beetle | main host- pig ## Footnote more ascarids: ascaridia galli, heterakis gallinarum, histomonas meleagridis, parascaris equorum, ascaris suum, toxocara vitulorum
60
eggs of ascaris suum
thick shelled ovoid eggs rough protein coat contain L2 take 3-6 weeks for develop ## Footnote more ascarids: ascaridia galli, heterakis gallinarum, histomonas meleagridis, parascaris equorum, ascaris suum, toxocara vitulorum
61
ascaris suum egg ovid, rough protein coat, thick wall ## Footnote more ascarids: ascaridia galli, heterakis gallinarum, histomonas meleagridis, parascaris equorum, ascaris suum, toxocara vitulorum
62
direct life cycle of ascaris suum
eats egg hatch in small intestine portal vein to liver to lung L2-L3- cough up and swallowed L3-adult in small intestine | pig- PPP 6-8 weeks ## Footnote more ascarids: ascaridia galli, heterakis gallinarum, histomonas meleagridis, parascaris equorum, ascaris suum, toxocara vitulorum
63
PPP of ascaris suum
6-8 weeks direct and indirect pathway both go through tracheal migration ## Footnote more ascarids: ascaridia galli, heterakis gallinarum, histomonas meleagridis, parascaris equorum, ascaris suum, toxocara vitulorum
64
indirect life cycle of ascaris suum
still goes through migration (different from toxocara) eats paratenic host with L2 larva hatch in small intestine portal vein to liver to lung L2-L3- cough up and swallowed L3-adult in small intestine | ppp- 6-8 weeks ## Footnote more ascarids: ascaridia galli, heterakis gallinarum, histomonas meleagridis, parascaris equorum, ascaris suum, toxocara vitulorum
65
symptoms of ascaris suum
liver- milk spots pneumonia diarrhea, weight loss rare intestinal and bile duct blockage ## Footnote more ascarids: ascaridia galli, heterakis gallinarum, histomonas meleagridis, parascaris equorum, ascaris suum, toxocara vitulorum
66
--- cause milk spots on the liver
Ascaris suum | pig ## Footnote more ascarids: ascaridia galli, heterakis gallinarum, histomonas meleagridis, parascaris equorum, ascaris suum, toxocara vitulorum
67
how to spread Ascaris suum
flies can spread eggs bumpy protein border of eggs makes them sticky can be spread by ruminants and humans ## Footnote more ascarids: ascaridia galli, heterakis gallinarum, histomonas meleagridis, parascaris equorum, ascaris suum, toxocara vitulorum
68
how to control Ascaris suum
clean up poop that has eggs breed resistant pigs drugs ## Footnote more ascarids: ascaridia galli, heterakis gallinarum, histomonas meleagridis, parascaris equorum, ascaris suum, toxocara vitulorum
69
PPP of Parascaris equorum
10-12 weeks infect horses and donkeys | ascaris suum- pigs- 6-8 weeks ## Footnote more ascarids: ascaridia galli, heterakis gallinarum, histomonas meleagridis, parascaris equorum, ascaris suum, toxocara vitulorum
70
life cycle of Parascaris equorum
direct eat L2 egg hatch in the small intestine liver- lung- coughed up and swallowed L3-adult in small intestine poop out egg | PPP- 10-12 weeks, survive in soil for 5-10 years ## Footnote more ascarids: ascaridia galli, heterakis gallinarum, histomonas meleagridis, parascaris equorum, ascaris suum, toxocara vitulorum
71
parascaris equorum thick sticky protein coat, can lose its protein coat ## Footnote more ascarids: ascaridia galli, heterakis gallinarum, histomonas meleagridis, parascaris equorum, ascaris suum, toxocara vitulorum
72
symptoms of Parascaris equorum
white spots on liver penumonia, nasal discharge, cough rare- impaction and death ## Footnote more ascarids: ascaridia galli, heterakis gallinarum, histomonas meleagridis, parascaris equorum, ascaris suum, toxocara vitulorum
73
Parascaris equorum is resistent to ---
ivermectin and other drugs ## Footnote more ascarids: ascaridia galli, heterakis gallinarum, histomonas meleagridis, parascaris equorum, ascaris suum, toxocara vitulorum
74
toxocara vitulorum effect
young beef calves spread by milk rare in North America ## Footnote more ascarids: ascaridia galli, heterakis gallinarum, histomonas meleagridis, parascaris equorum, ascaris suum, toxocara vitulorum
75
pinworms are from what family
oxyurida female have long tapering tail large intestine
76
life cycle of oxyuris equi
pin worm eat egg with L3 L4 feed on mucosa of the colon adult feed on intestinal contants adult in cecum and colon eggs on perianal skin can devleope into infectious L2 in 3-5 days (warmth of skin makes it go faster) | PPP: 4-5 months
77
what do oxyuris equi look like?
pin worms male 1 cm females 6-15 cms ## Footnote L4 feed on colon mucosa, adults feed on GI contents,PPP 4-5 months. eggs grow on perianal skin (infectious in 3-4 days!)
78
pathogenesis of oxyuris equi
pinworm L4 can cause erosin and ulcers in the colon by feeding on the mucosa perinanal irritation from eggs pruritus- itchiness tail rubbing, hair loss ## Footnote L4 feed on colon mucosa, adults feed on GI contents,PPP 4-5 months. eggs grow on perianal skin (infectious in 3-4 days!)
79
pinworm egg oxyuris equi slightly flattened on one side and plug at one end infectious in 3-5 days

Fall 22: Parasites (32 decks)

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