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Fall 22: Parasites > 10. spiruids > Flashcards

10. spiruids Flashcards

1
Q

Dracunculus insignis infect

A

racoons and other carnivores
(rare in dogs and cats)

subcutaneous tissue of carnivores and humans

Spiruroidea: drancunculus, physaloptera, spirocerca, habronema, draschia, thelazia

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2
Q

Dracunculus medinensis infect

A

humans, primates and dogs
Guinea worm

subQ tissue of carnivores and humans

Spiruroidea: drancunculus, physaloptera, spirocerca, habronema, draschia, thelazia

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3
Q

lifecycle of Dracunculus sp.

A

indirect
IH(copepod-insect in water)
PH (fish, frogs)
DH (canivores and humans)

PPP 1 year
females form a blister in the skin- L1 released from skin into water

SubQ of carnivores and humans

Spiruroidea: drancunculus, physaloptera, spirocerca, habronema, draschia, thelazia

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4
Q

treatment of Dracunculus sp

A

no drug
remove parasite from blister

clean drinking water (IH- water bug- copepods)

Spiruroidea: dracunculus, physaloptera, spirocerca, habronema, draschia, thelazia

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5
Q

Physaloptera infect

A

stomach of carnivores

Spiruroidea: drancunculus, physaloptera, spirocerca, habronema, draschia, thelazia

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6
Q
A

Physaloptera
clear and elliptical egg, smooth shell

Spiruroidea: drancunculus, physaloptera, spirocerca, habronema, draschia, thelazia

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7
Q

Physaloptera adults look

A

pink and live with anterior end embedded in the mucosa of the stomach of carnivores

Spiruroidea: drancunculus, physaloptera, spirocerca, habronema, draschia, thelazia

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8
Q

lifecycle of Physaloptera sp.

A

indirect

eggs- IH (beetles and crickets)
eat IH or eat PH ( frogs and lizards)
DH (dog/carnivore stomach)

Spiruroidea: drancunculus, physaloptera, spirocerca, habronema, draschia, thelazia

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9
Q
A

Physaloptera sp

stomach of carnivores

Spiruroidea: drancunculus, physaloptera, spirocerca, habronema, draschia, thelazia

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10
Q

clinical signs of Physaloptera sp.

A

mostly minor
vomiting and anorexia
can be seen during endoscopy

stomach parasite of carnivores

Spiruroidea: drancunculus, physaloptera, spirocerca, habronema, draschia, thelazia

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11
Q

test for Physaloptera sp.

A

Fecal sedmentation- heavy egg will not float

stomach worm of carnivores

Spiruroidea: drancunculus, physaloptera, spirocerca, habronema, draschia, thelazia

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12
Q

Spirocerca lupi infect

A

stomach and esophagus of dogs

can be found in aorta in rare cases

Spiruroidea: drancunculus, physaloptera, spirocerca, habronema, draschia, thelazia

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13
Q

— is the esophageal worm

A

Spiocerca lupi

Spiruroidea: drancunculus, physaloptera, spirocerca, habronema, draschia, thelazia

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14
Q

eggs of spirocerca lupi vs Physaloptera sp.

A

S. lupi- narrow, ellopsoidal, cylindrical, smaller then Phys. smooth shell

Physaloptera- clear elliptical, smooth shell

Spiruroidea: drancunculus, physaloptera, spirocerca, habronema, draschia, thelazia

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15
Q

life cycle of Spirocerca lupi

A

indirect
egg- IH (beetles)
PH (rodents, chicken, birds, reptiles)
DH (dog esophagus)

esophageal worm

Spiruroidea: drancunculus, physaloptera, spirocerca, habronema, draschia, thelazia

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16
Q

clinical signs of Spirocerca lupi

A

subclinical
cystic nodules and fistulas in esophagus
vomiting, neoplasia, aortic aneurism, pulmonary osteroarthropathy

esophageal worm

Spiruroidea: drancunculus, physaloptera, spirocerca, habronema, draschia, thelazia

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17
Q

Test for Spirocerca lupi

A

Fecal Sedmentation
heavy egg

similar to Physaloptera sp.

esophagus of canids

Spiruroidea: drancunculus, physaloptera, spirocerca, habronema, draschia, thelazia

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18
Q

Treatment of Spirocerca Lupi

A

Milbemycin oxime
preventatives
decrease access to beetles and PH (chickens, mice, reptiles and birds)

esophagus worm of canids

Spiruroidea: drancunculus, physaloptera, spirocerca, habronema, draschia, thelazia

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19
Q

Habronema sp. infect

A

stomach of horses and donkeys

near margo plicatus of horse stomch

similar to Draschia sp.

Spiruroidea: drancunculus, physaloptera, spirocerca, habronema, draschia, thelazia

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20
Q

Draschia sp infect

A

stomach of horses and donkeys near the margo plicatus

swamp cancer, summer sores

similar to Habronema sp.

Spiruroidea: drancunculus, physaloptera, spirocerca, habronema, draschia, thelazia

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21
Q

— larva are called swamp canver or summer sores

A

Habronema sp
Draschia sp.

stomach of horses and donkey

Spiruroidea: drancunculus, physaloptera, spirocerca, habronema, draschia, thelazia

22
Q

lifecycle of Habronema sp

A

indirect

IH (flies)
move to stomach of horse or donkey

same as Draschia sp.

Spiruroidea: drancunculus, physaloptera, spirocerca, habronema, draschia, thelazia

23
Q

life cycle of Draschia sp.

A

indirect

IH (flies)
move to stomach of horse or donkey

same as Habronema sp.

Spiruroidea: drancunculus, physaloptera, spirocerca, habronema, draschia, thelazia

24
Q

Clinical signs of Habronema sp.

A

cutaneous habronemiosisis- cutaneous granulomatous lesions
found in areas that are moist (eyes or wounds)

also in Draschia sp.

Spiruroidea: drancunculus, physaloptera, spirocerca, habronema, draschia, thelazia

25
Q

clinical signs of Draschia sp

A

cutaneous habronemiosisis- cutaneous granulomatous lesions
found in areas that are moist (eyes)

also in Habronema so.

stomach of horses and donkey

Spiruroidea: drancunculus, physaloptera, spirocerca, habronema, draschia, thelazia

26
Q

— cause cutaneous habronemiosisis

A

Habronema
Draschia

stomach of horses and donkey

Spiruroidea: drancunculus, physaloptera, spirocerca, habronema, draschia, thelazia

27
Q

test for habronema and draschia

A

gastroscopy- tumorlike masses in stomach

fecal sedimentation- heavy eggs (very thin almost invisible wall)

stomach worm of donkeys and horse

Spiruroidea: drancunculus, physaloptera, spirocerca, habronema, draschia, thelazia

28
Q

treatment for Habronema and Draschia

A

ivermectin and moxidectin for Adult worms

ivermectin for summer sores (larva)

prevent access to IH (flies)

stomach worm of donkey and horse

Spiruroidea: drancunculus, physaloptera, spirocerca, habronema, draschia, thelazia

29
Q

Thelazia sp. infect

A

conjunctival and lachrymal sac of domestic and wild animals

eye worms

Spiruroidea: drancunculus, physaloptera, spirocerca, habronema, draschia, thelazia

30
Q

adult Thelazia are

A

Small, thin, yellowish‐white worms about with around 2cm long. Present deep, cup-like buccal cavity and prominent cuticular striations

eye worms

Spiruroidea: drancunculus, physaloptera, spirocerca, habronema, draschia, thelazia

31
Q

Thelazia californiensis infect

A

domestic and wild animals and humans

zoonotic

california eye worm

Spiruroidea: drancunculus, physaloptera, spirocerca, habronema, draschia, thelazia

32
Q

Thelazia callipaeda infect

A

domestic and wild canids and humans

oriental eye worm

zoonotic

Spiruroidea: drancunculus, physaloptera, spirocerca, habronema, draschia, thelazia

33
Q

Thelazia lacrymalis infect

A

horses and cattle

eye worm

Spiruroidea: drancunculus, physaloptera, spirocerca, habronema, draschia, thelazia

34
Q

Thelazia skryabini and Thelazia gulosa infect

A

cattle

eye worm

Spiruroidea: drancunculus, physaloptera, spirocerca, habronema, draschia, thelazia

35
Q
A

Thelazia sp/

eye worm

Spiruroidea: drancunculus, physaloptera, spirocerca, habronema, draschia, thelazia

36
Q

lifesycle of thelazia

A

indirect

no eggs- Live L1 (viviparous)
L1 into tears, flies(IH/vector) eat tears and L1
develop into L3 in flies
L3 move from flies to new DH eye

Spiruroidea: drancunculus, physaloptera, spirocerca, habronema, draschia, thelazia

37
Q
A

thelazia

eye worm

Spiruroidea: drancunculus, physaloptera, spirocerca, habronema, draschia, thelazia

38
Q

clinical signs of thelazia

A

mild ocular symptoms

animals: bilateral infection, conjunctivitis, ulcers, blindness

humans: usually mild- unilateral infection, photophobia, epiphora, conjunctivitis

eye worm

Spiruroidea: drancunculus, physaloptera, spirocerca, habronema, draschia, thelazia

39
Q

Test for Thelazia

A

Morphological examintion and molecular (PCR)

can see adult in eye of host

eye worm

Spiruroidea: drancunculus, physaloptera, spirocerca, habronema, draschia, thelazia

40
Q

teatment for Thelazia

A

cattle: doramectin
dog: ibermectin
remove adult worm from eye

limit access to IH/vector - flies

eye worm

Spiruroidea: drancunculus, physaloptera, spirocerca, habronema, draschia, thelazia

41
Q

Onchocerca sp. infect

A

domestic and wild animal

adult location depends on host
canids, cats and humans: eyes
horses: cervical ligament
cattle and camel: connective tissue

42
Q

— is spread by tears

A

thelazia sp.

eye worm

Spiruroidea: drancunculus, physaloptera, spirocerca, habronema, draschia, thelazia

43
Q

Onchocerca adults look like

A

ridges edge, woven
large

very hard to isolate intact- usually in many fragments

Onchocerca lupi- eyes of canids, cats and humans

44
Q

lifecycle of onchocerca lupi

A

indirect

vector blackflies/midges
DH: humans and canids and cats

in nodules in host eye, produce mf which move to host’s skin

blackflies will feed on these microfilariae

MF develop to L3 and then back to DH when blackflies eat host again

45
Q

onchocerca lupi infect

A

eyes of canids, cats and humans

46
Q

clincial signs of Onchocerca sp.

A

mild- tears, photophobia, conjunctivities
chronic- eye nodules

47
Q

if onchocerca sp are in the — they are asymptomatic

A

retrobulbar space

very difficult to diagnosis

48
Q

what organism makes microfilariae

A

Filarioidae
Onchocerca sp.

eye worms- no eggs just baby larva

49
Q

treatment of Ochocerca sp.

A

surgical removal of parasitic nodule

limit access to blackflies and midges

eye worm

50
Q

test for Onchocerca

A

skin snip to look for microfilariae

look at adult (curved edges in pieces)

PCR

eye worm in Onchocerca lupi

51
Q

which Spiruroidea is of minor clinical significance in dogs and cats and may cause vomiting and anorexia

A

Physaloptera sp.

stomach of carnivores, clear, heavy and elliptical eggs with larva, seen on endoscopy,

DPSHDT

52
Q

which spiruroidea has infections that are often subclinical but can cause cystic nodules in the esophagus

A

spirocerca lupi

stomach or esophagus of canids, can cause cancer, heavy, narrow, ellipsoidal and cylindrical eggs, very small with larva inside

DPSHDT

Fall 22: Parasites (32 decks)

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