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Fall 22: Parasites > 13. cestodes > Flashcards

13. cestodes Flashcards

1
Q

lifecycle of cestodes

A

tapeworms

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2
Q

general characteristics of cestodes

A

No gut. Absorb food through surface.

Hermaphrodite - both sex organs in each proglottid (segment).

Almost all require at least 2 hosts to complete life cycle

tapeworm

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3
Q

tapeworms hold onto host with

A

scolex

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4
Q

tapeworm chains are also called

A

strobila- independent pregressively maturing reproductive unit

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5
Q

what organ is missing in tape worm

A

no digestion or feeding

absorb nurtients through skin

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6
Q

gravid proglottid

A

oldest segment of tapeworm hold eggs

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7
Q

mature proglottid

A

adult section of tapeworm that has all the things needed for reproduction

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8
Q

oncosphere

A

egg of tapeworm

First stage larva, infective for first (or only) intermediate host

Consists of an embryo (hexacanth - 6 hooks) surrounded by two embryonic membranes

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9
Q

what do cyclophyllidea look like?

A

four radial muscular suckers on scolex
rostellum- retractable hooks
longer then wide
genital pore on lateral side
no opening to release eggs

tapeworm

Cyclophyllidea- taeniidae, anoplocephalidae, dilepididae, hymenolopododae, mesocestoididae, Davaineidae

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10
Q
A

Cyclophyllidea- tapeworm

four radial suckers
rostellum with retractable hooks
lateral genital pore
no opening to release egg

Cyclophyllidea- taeniidae, anoplocephalidae, dilepididae, hymenolopododae, mesocestoididae, Davaineidae

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11
Q

Taenia saginate DH and IH are

A

human
cattle

tapeworm

Cyclophyllidea- taeniidae, anoplocephalidae, dilepididae, hymenolopododae, mesocestoididae, Davaineidae

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12
Q

Taenia solium infect

A

DH- human
IH- pig

tapeworm

Cyclophyllidea- taeniidae, anoplocephalidae, dilepididae, hymenolopododae, mesocestoididae, Davaineidae

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13
Q

Taenia solium cause

A

cysts formation throughout muscle and brain

tapeworm of pigs to humans

Cyclophyllidea- taeniidae, anoplocephalidae, dilepididae, hymenolopododae, mesocestoididae, Davaineidae

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14
Q

lifecycle of Taenia solium

A

egg or gravid proglottids ingested by pig
forms cyst in tissue
human eats infected meat
tapeworm grows in small intestine

pig tapeworm

Cyclophyllidea- taeniidae, anoplocephalidae, dilepididae, hymenolopododae, mesocestoididae, Davaineidae

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15
Q

Echinococcus granulosus infect

A

dogs
small tapeworm (4-5 segments)
scolex with rostellum and 4 suckers

Cyclophyllidea- taeniidae, anoplocephalidae, dilepididae, hymenolopododae, mesocestoididae, Davaineidae

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16
Q

lifecycle of Echinococcus granulosus

A

embyonated egg in dog poop
oncosphere hatches and forms hydatid cyst in lungs and liver
form protoscolex form cyst
dog ingest protoscolex
attach to dog intestine
grow into adult and make eggs

DH- dog
IH- sheep
IH- human- attack liver and lungs

Family taeniidae

Cyclophyllidea- taeniidae, anoplocephalidae, dilepididae, hymenolopododae, mesocestoididae, Davaineidae

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17
Q

hydatid disease

A

caused by echinoccosis(tapeworm)

larval stage
E. granulosus- cysts grow but don’t infiltrate

E. multilocularis- alveolar echinococcis- cysts grow and infltrate surrounding tissue- can be fatal

E. vogeli- polycyctsic

E. oligarthrus- extremely rare

Cyclophyllidea- taeniidae, anoplocephalidae, dilepididae, hymenolopododae, mesocestoididae, Davaineidae

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18
Q

hydatid cyst have

A

caused by Echinococcus tape worm

Cyclophyllidea- taeniidae, anoplocephalidae, dilepididae, hymenolopododae, mesocestoididae, Davaineidae

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19
Q

protoscolices found in hydatid cyst

A

hydatid sane

can be invaginated, evaginate

Cyclophyllidea- taeniidae, anoplocephalidae, dilepididae, hymenolopododae, mesocestoididae, Davaineidae

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20
Q

Anoplocephala perfoliata infect

A

horses and donkeys
adults can be pathogenic
2 inches long

Cyclophyllidea- taeniidae, anoplocephalidae, dilepididae, hymenolopododae, mesocestoididae, Davaineidae

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21
Q

life cycle of anoplocephalidae

A

host eats mite with cysticercoid

develop into adult tape worm in intestine

mature gravid proglottids are shed and oncosphere eggs are released

mites eats oncosphere egg

oncosphere- cysticercoid inside mite

Cyclophyllidea- taeniidae, anoplocephalidae, dilepididae, hymenolopododae, mesocestoididae, Davaineidae

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22
Q

tapeworms of horses

A

Anoplocephala perfoliata

Anoplocephala magna, Paranoplocephala
mamillana (aka Anoplocephaloides mamillana)

Cyclophyllidea- taeniidae, anoplocephalidae, dilepididae, hymenolopododae, mesocestoididae, Davaineidae

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23
Q

Anoplocephala perfoliata are found in the

A

cecum and in the ileum clustered near the
iliocecal valve of horses

Adults can be pathogenic, causing ulceration and associated inflammation, leading to serious, persistent diarrhea

tapeworm of horses

Cyclophyllidea- taeniidae, anoplocephalidae, dilepididae, hymenolopododae, mesocestoididae, Davaineidae

24
Q

Dipylidium caninum infect

A

dog tapeworm
spread by fleas and biting lice

double-pored

Cyclophyllidea- taeniidae, anoplocephalidae, dilepididae, hymenolopododae, mesocestoididae, Davaineidae

25
Q

— is a double pored dog tapeworm

A

Dipylidium caninum

spread by fleas and biting lice

Cyclophyllidea- taeniidae, anoplocephalidae, dilepididae, hymenolopododae, mesocestoididae, Davaineidae

26
Q

life cycle of dipylidium caninum

A

flea eat larva
fleas mature- oncosphere- cysticercoid
flea bites dog
grows to adult in small intestine
shed eggs

double pored dog tapeworm

Cyclophyllidea- taeniidae, anoplocephalidae, dilepididae, hymenolopododae, mesocestoididae, Davaineidae

27
Q

Anoplocephala magna, Paranoplocephala
mamillana are found in — and cause

A

tapeworm of horses

small intestine

usually non-pathogenic

Cyclophyllidea- taeniidae, anoplocephalidae, dilepididae, hymenolopododae, mesocestoididae, Davaineidae

28
Q

Hynebolepis nana lifecycle

A

can be spread by autoinfection- eggs hatch in intestine and complete life cycle and reinfect host without need for intermediate host

can infect humans and mice

IH- flour beetle

not pathogenic- but disturbing

tapeworm

Cyclophyllidea- taeniidae, anoplocephalidae, dilepididae, hymenolopododae, mesocestoididae, Davaineidae

29
Q

Mesocestoididae life cycle

A

egg shed in gravid proglottids in feces

IH host unkown (arthropod?) eat egg(oncosphere)

second IH- to form tetrathyridium- asexual reproduction (mouse, frog)

dog or cat or human eat second IH

adult form in small intestine

tapeworm

Cyclophyllidea- taeniidae, anoplocephalidae, dilepididae, hymenolopododae, mesocestoididae, Davaineidae

30
Q

Davaineidae proglottina infect

A

chicken and pigeons

tapeworm

Cyclophyllidea- taeniidae, anoplocephalidae, dilepididae, hymenolopododae, mesocestoididae, Davaineidae

31
Q

Raillietine echinobothrida infect

A

chicken and turkeys

tapeworm

Cyclophyllidea- taeniidae, anoplocephalidae, dilepididae, hymenolopododae, mesocestoididae, Davaineidae

32
Q

lifecycle of Davainae proglottina

A

egg from chicken or pigeon

eaten by IH (slug or snail)
oncosphere- cysticercoid

DH eat infected IH

parasite grows in small intestine

tapeworm

Cyclophyllidea- taeniidae, anoplocephalidae, dilepididae, hymenolopododae, mesocestoididae, Davaineidae

33
Q

lifecycle of Raillietine echinobothrida

A

egg from chicken or turkey

eaten by IH (slug or snail)
oncosphere- cysticercoid

DH eat infected IH

parasite grows in small intestine

tapeworm

Cyclophyllidea- taeniidae, anoplocephalidae, dilepididae, hymenolopododae, mesocestoididae, Davaineidae

34
Q

pseudophyllidae look like

A

scolex with two shallow longitudinal grooves- bothria
no hooks
segments have uterine pore for release of eggs
terminal segments are senile rather then gravid
eggs have a shell
require as least 2 IH

tapeworm

Pseudophyllidea- Diphyllobothrium, spirometra

35
Q

— form gravid terminal segments
— form senile terminal segments

A

cyclophyllidea

pseudophyllidea

tapeworms

36
Q

life cycle of Diphyllobothrium latum

A

aquatic stage:
operculate egg
coracidium
1st IH- copepod→procercoid
2nd IH →plerocercoid
3rd/ PH

DH eat IH or PH

tapeworm

Pseudophyllidea- Diphyllobothrium, spirometra

37
Q

Spirometra mansonoides infect

A

dogs, cats, wild carnivores and pigs

humans can be 2nd IH - cause eye issues

tapeworm

Pseudophyllidea- Diphyllobothrium, spirometra

38
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum infect

A

dog, cat, wild carnivore and humans

tapeworm

Pseudophyllidea- Diphyllobothrium, spirometra

39
Q

spirometra mansonoides cause — in human

A

sparganosis
eye issue- swelling

humans act as 2nd IH

tapeworm

Pseudophyllidea- Diphyllobothrium, spirometra

40
Q
A

Pseudophyllidea- Diphyllobothrium, spirometra

Cyclophyllidea- taeniidae, anoplocephalidae, dilepididae, hymenolopododae, mesocestoididae, Davaineidae

41
Q

Adult cestodes (tapeworms) reside in the small intestine of definitive
hosts, with — found in or near host feces.

A

eggs and gravid segments

42
Q

— are found in extraintestinal tissues in intermediate (and sometimes definitive) hosts and can cause severe pathogenesis.

A

Larval tapeworms

43
Q

With a few exceptions, — are not particularly pathogenic.

A

adult tapeworms

44
Q

— are hermaphroditic.

A

Cestodes(tapeworms)

45
Q

Cestodes have no organs of —; nutrients are absorbed through the surface of the worm.

A

feeding and digestion

46
Q

— cestode segments have no opening for release of eggs
and therefore produce gravid segments; — cestode
segments do release eggs and produce senile (empty) segments.

A

Cyclophyllidean

pseudophyllidean

47
Q

— tapeworms have aquatic stages in their life cycles.

A

Pseudophyllidean

48
Q

acanthocephalans look

A

thorn head
seperate sexus
no gut
cement gland in male- seals female vagina after sex

Acanthocpehalans: macracanthorhynchus, oncicola

49
Q
A

acanthocephalans

Acanthocpehalans: macracanthorhynchus, oncicola

50
Q

M. hirudinaceus infect

A

intestine of pigs, can infect dogs and other mammals

IH: dung beetles

can be pathogenic
no longer common in USA because of concrete floors

Acanthocpehalans: macracanthorhynchus, oncicola

51
Q

— are the IH of Macracathorhynchus hirudinaceus

A

dung, may and water beetles

DH: pigs, can infect dogs and other mammals

Acanthocpehalans: macracanthorhynchus, oncicola

52
Q

Oncicola canis lifecycle

A

not really known

DH- rare in dogs and cats
IH- unkown- dung beetle?
Possible paratenic hosts (lizards?, birds?, etc.)

Acanthocpehalans: macracanthorhynchus, oncicola

53
Q
A

M. hirudinaceus egg
fully developed larve in egg
generic acanthocephalan egg

Acanthocpehalans: macracanthorhynchus, oncicola

54
Q

how to diagnosis M. hirudinaceus

A

thick brown shelled ovoid egg

adults with spiny nose, no gut or circulatory system

Acanthocpehalans: macracanthorhynchus, oncicola

55
Q

how does M. hirudinaceus attach to host

A

uses hooks
no mouth
cause necrosis and flattened villi at site of attachment

Acanthocpehalans: macracanthorhynchus, oncicola

56
Q

symptoms of M. hirudinaceus

A

Can be asymptomatic
Ulceration and granuloma formation at site of infection
Acute
– Peritonitis
- mechanical disruption of intestine wall

Chronic
– Related to worm burden
– Competition for nutrients
– Diarrhea, wasting, failure to thrive

spiny nose

Acanthocpehalans: macracanthorhynchus, oncicola

Fall 22: Parasites (32 decks)

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