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Fall 22: Parasites > 15 + 16. ticks > Flashcards

15 + 16. ticks Flashcards

1
Q

body parts of ticks

A

cephalothroax- capitulum- head

unsegmented abdomen
8 jointed legs
spiracles
anal and genital openings

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2
Q

— is the hard covering found on ticks

A

scutum

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3
Q

— anchor ticks to the host

A

palp

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4
Q

— where the palp and hypostome attach

A

basis capituli

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5
Q
A

genital aperture

spiracular plate- respiration

anus and anal groove

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6
Q

dorsal side of tick that cut skin

A

chelicerae

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7
Q

ventral side of capitulum with groove for blood to flow through

A

hypostome

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8
Q
A

chelicerae

hypostome

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9
Q

two shapes of head for ticks

A

hexagonal
rectangular

basis capituli

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10
Q

— are soft ticks

A

Argasidae- argas, otobius, ornithodoros

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11
Q

— are hard ticks

A

ixodidae:
Ixodes
Boophilus
Haemaphysalis
Amblyomma
Rhipicephalus
Dermacentor

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12
Q

what type of tick has scutum?

A

hard ticks- ixodidae

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13
Q

what type of tick lacks a scutum

A

Argasidae (soft tick)

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14
Q

male of female Ixodidae have a full scutum

A

male

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15
Q

what type of ticks have a ventrally recessed capitulum

A

aragasidae (soft ticks)

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16
Q

where is the capitulum for hard ticks?

A

at the front

Ixodidae

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17
Q

life cycle of soft ticks

A

Hemimetabolous

egg- larva with 6 legs- nymph 8 legs (up to 7 instars)- adult

feeds on multiple hosts (one per nymphal stage)

Argasidae- argas, otobius, ornithodoros

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18
Q

life cycle of hard ticks

A

Hemimetabolous- incomplete

egg- larva with 6 legs- nymph 8 legs (only 1 nymphal stage)- adult

can feed on up to 3 hosts

Ixodidae: Dermacentor, Rhipicephalus, Ixodes, Boophilus, Amblyomma, Hemaphysalis, Hyalomma

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19
Q

soft or hard ticks are resistant to starvation and desiccation

A

soft ticks- Argasidae

survive for years without feeding

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20
Q

kinetics of feeding for Ixodids

A

hard ticks- cemented to host during feeding

slow phase
rapid phase

pathogens can transmit at day 2 of attachment

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21
Q

feeding habits of Argasids

A

soft ticks

feed rapidly, short periods of attachment, Lair ectoparasites

up to 7 nymph stages all feeding, dropping off, molting and feeding again

adult will feed, hide lay eggs and feed again

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22
Q

Argasids are commonly found in the —

A

desert and dry condition

soft tick

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23
Q

life cycle of argasids female

A

feed repeatedly and mate off host

lay up to 500 eggs in cracks after each feeding

live close to host to allow repeated feeding

soft tick- Argasidae- argas, otobius, ornithodoros

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24
Q
A

Argas pesicus

fowl tick- soft tick

feeds at night
larvae attach for 5 days
nymphs and adults feed for short periods
adult females drink in 45 minutes

vector of avian spirochete: Borrelia anserina

Argasidae- argas, otobius, ornithodoros

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25
Argas pesicus is also called
fowl tick
26
Argas pesicus looks like
well defined margins dorsoventrally flattened
27
---- are a vector of avian spirochete ---
Argas pesicus - soft tick- fowl tick Borrelia anserina
28
Otibius megnini is also called the
spinose ear tick Argasidae- argas, otobius, ornithodoros
29
what animals are infected by Otobious megnini
Infest dogs, cats, sheep, horses, cattle and humans ONE host lifecycle Argasidae- argas, otobius, ornithodoros
30
Otobius megnini nymph spinose ear tick larvae and nymph are parasitic- adults are not Argasidae- argas, otobius, ornithodoros
31
Otobius megnini adult rounded posteriorly, slight tapper anteriorly
32
--- cause inflammation and waxy exudation from ears
otobius megnini- spinose ear tick Argasidae- argas, otobius, ornithodoros
33
pajaroello tick is also called
Ornithodoros coriaceus slightly forward mouth parts(capitulum) Argasidae- argas, otobius, ornithodoros
34
bites from which soft tick is painful
Ornithodoros coriaceus- pajaroello tick
35
Ornithodoros coriaceus cause ---
tick toxicosis and paralysis
36
Ornithodoros coriaceus pajaroello tick Argasidae- argas, otobius, ornithodoros
37
capitulum of tick
mouthpart -3 segment palps for grabbing host - 2 chelicerae - 1 hypostome with central grove for blood -Basis capituli - other mouth parts are attached here
38
--- is found on the first leg and acts to sense movement, CO2 and pheromones
Haller's organ
39
what type of tick has festoons
some hard ticks- ixodidae
40
--- type of ticks have slow feeding and long periods of attachment
ixodidae- hard ticks
41
-- type of ticks generally are quick feeders. attach for short periods and hide in host nest between feedings
Argasidae- soft ticks
42
Factors accounting for vector capacity include:
Persistent blood feeders Long periods of host attachment Wide host range Longevity Transovarial and transstedial transmission Presence of immune modulators
43
Argas pesicus feed on
chicken, turkey and wild bird lair ectoparasite Fowl tick- soft tick
44
They are nocturnal and inhabit the dens, caves and burrows. Only the larvae and nymphs are parasitic. Heavy infestation can lead to mortality by anaemia
Ornithodoros soft tick
45
Ornithodoros coriaceus is attracted to --- and infects
CO2 cattle and humans painful bite +/- toxocosis soft tick
46
--- is the vector of african swine fever
ornithodoros porcinus
47
vector od Borrelia recurrentis
ornithodoros turicata cause relapsing fever soft tick
48
palp genital anus anal groove festoons
49
basis capituli shield eye festoons
50
palp chelicerae hypostome basis capituli
51
what stage?
nymph- no genitals, 8 legs
52
what stage
larva- 6 legs
53
what prevents the male hard tick from becoming engorged
scutum covers whole body
54
scutum can be --- or ---
ornate or inornate
55
2 host tick life cycle
egg in environment larva on 1st host (rabbit) larva to nymph nymph leave 1st host and molt into adults in environment adult attach to new 2nd host and feed until they engorge and drop off and lay eggs
56
3 host life cycle of tick
eggs into larva larva feed on 1st host (small mammal) leave and molt to nymph overwinter nymph attach to 2nd host (dog, human ect.) leave and molt into adult adult attach to host 3 (deer, human ect) adults overwinter lay eggs in spring
57
3 type of transmission of pathogen by ticks
ingestion transovarial transstadial
58
transoverial tranmission
59
what type of pathogens are spread by transovarial transmission
babesia (transovarial and transstadial) borrelia
60
what type of pathogens are spread by transstadial transmission
anaplasma babesia rickettsia ehrilichia haemobartonella
61
Transstadial transmission of ticks
62
2 ways tick finds host
hunter- chase host ambush- questing- stay and wait
63
--- are found on ticks legs to detect potential host
Haller's organ
64
questing- ambush strategy use hallers organ to sense host
65
Ixodes Scapularis is also called
deer tick
66
Ixodes scapularis has what type of life cycel
3 host tick life cycle
67
Ixodes scapularis is a vector for
Borrelia burgdoferi (Lyme’s disease) Babesia spp. (Human and animal babesiosis) Ehrlichia spp. (Human granulocytic ehrlichiosis, ehrlichiosis in infected animals)
68
what do Ixodes look like
long mouthpart rectangular basis capituli inornate scutum no leg bands no festoons anal groove is above anus!
69
Ixodes tick- hard tick long mouthpart rectangular basis capituli inornate scutum no leg bands no festoons anal groove is above anus!
70
Haemaphysalis longicornis is also called
long horned tick
71
Haemaphysalis longicornis hard tick-Ixodidae
72
what type of hard tick has asexual females
Haemaphysalis longicornis parthenogenically- asexually
73
Haemaphysalis longicornis are vectors for
Babesia Ehrlichia Viruses Borrelia burgdoferi Anaplasma Theileria
74
what does Haemaphysalis longicornis look like
arrowhead shaped mouth parts rectangular basis capituli no bands inornate scutum + festoons
75
AMBLYOMMA AMERICANUM are called the
lone star tick
76
life cycle of Amblyomma americanum
3 host tick lone star tick hard tick- Ixodidae- HIBRAD
77
where are Amblyomma americanum found
wild and domestic animals- mostly cattle ears, flanks, head and belly hard tick- Ixodidae- HIBRAD
78
Amblyomma americanum are vectors of
Rickettsia rickettsii (Rocky mountain spotted fever) Francisella tularensis (Tularaemia) Lyme disease Ehrlichia Cytauxzoon
79
Amblyomma americanum- lone star tick
80
amblyomma americanum look
ornate scutum rectangular basis capituli banded legs + festoons long slender mouth parts
81
Amblyomma variegatum
82
life cycle of Dermacentor ticks
Most species are 3-host ticks e.g. D. andersoni, D. variabilis, D. reticulatus Some are 1-host ticks e.g. D. nitens, D. albipictus
83
immature stages of Dermacentor ticks feed on
rodents and small mammals
84
Dermacentor ticks can cause
tick paralysis
85
dermacentor tick
86
demacentor ticks look
banded legs short mouth parts rectangular basis capituli highly ornate scutum + festoons
87
American dog tick
Dermacentor variabilis Common pest of dogs and readily attacks humans Vector of Ehrlichia chaffensis, Rickettsia rickettsia (agent of rocky mountain spotted fever), B. burgdoferi, F. tularensis
88
American dog ticks carry
Common pest of dogs and readily attacks humans ii. Vector of Ehrlichia chaffensis, Rickettsia rickettsia (agent of rocky mountain spotted fever), B. burgdoferi, F. tularensis Dermacentor variabilis
89
Rocky mountain wood tick
Dermacentor andersoni Are pest of large mammals such as cattle, horses and sheep. Commonly in brush or scrub vegetation in Western U.S. Vector of Colorado Tick Fever virus to humans. Probably most common agent of tick paralysis.
90
Dermacentor andersoni carry
rocky mountain wood tick vector of Colorado tick fever virus in humans
91
brown dog tick or kennel tick
Rhipicephalus sanguineus
92
Rhipicephalus sanguineus infect
ears, interdigital spaces and back of necks of dogs, livestock and birds brown dog tick/ kennel tick
93
Rhipicephalus sanguineus brown dog tick/kennel tick
94
what does Rhipicephalus look like
short mouth parts hexogonal basis capituli no bands inornate scutum + festoons brown dog tick/kennel tick
95
boophilus tick is also called
blue tick
96
life cycle of Rhipicephalus sanguineus
3 host tick lifecycle
97
life cycle of Boophilus
1 host tick
98
Boophilus ticks are vectors for
Babesia bovis, Texas Cattle Fever or bovine piroplasmosis and a range of other pathogens
99
what does Boophilus tick look like
short mouth parts hexagonal basis capituli inornate scutum NO festoons looks identical to Rhipicephalus except for festoons
100
3 tick surveillance techniques
flagging CO2 attractants close examination of host and host habitat
101
head of ticks
Capitulum- basis capituli palps chelicerae hypostome
102
Ticks are ---, and require blood to survive, reproduce and molt
obligate hematophages
103
upon a blood meal, the pathogen infects the tissues of the tick, including the ovaries where they infect all the eggs produced and laid by the tick. Thus, all larvae produced from such eggs will transmit the infection.
transovarial/ vertical transmission
104
E.g Babesia, Ehrlichia etc is spread by what type of transmission
vertical/transovarial
105
this occurs when a pathogen infects the tick at a stage and remains with the vector as it subsequently molts. Thus, all stages of the tick can transmit the infection
transstadial
106
some pathogens are transmitted when ticks are ingested by the host by a suitable host
ingestion Hepatozoon canis
107
Ticks detect animals --- with the Haller's organ
breath, body odors/pheromones, body heat, moisture, CO2 changes and/or vibrations
108
a 3-host and inornate tick. Has long palps, rectangular basis capituli, lack eyes and festoons. The anterior position of the anal groove distinguishes it from all other tick genera in which it is either absent or posteriorly located.
ixodes
109
Ixodes pacificus is
Western counterpart to I. scapularis as vector of B. burgdorferi can cause tick paralysis
110
--- type of ticks were recently introduced into the USA and reproduce asexually
Haemaphysalis
111
large, highly ornate ticks with long legs that are banded. They are 3-host ticks with rectangular basis capituli which bears long and slender mouthparts. They have eyes, festoons.
amblyomma
112
Dermacentor infect
Immature stages generally infest rodents, lagomorphs and other small mammals while adults infest large animals including humans.
113
They are inornate, have eyes and festoons. Basis capituli is hexagonal and palps are short.
rhipicephalus
114
Appear yellow, reddish or blackish brown
Rhipicephalus sanguineus - The “Brown Dog” Tick; Kennel Tick
115
mainly affects cattle. It is a one-host tick.
Boophilus
116
have hexagonal basis capituli that bears short palps, are inornate, lack eyes and festoons
boophilus

Fall 22: Parasites (32 decks)

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