Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Fall 22: Parasites > 15 + 16. ticks > Flashcards

15 + 16. ticks Flashcards

1
Q

body parts of ticks

A

cephalothroax- capitulum- head

unsegmented abdomen
8 jointed legs
spiracles
anal and genital openings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

— is the hard covering found on ticks

A

scutum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

— anchor ticks to the host

A

palp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

— where the palp and hypostome attach

A

basis capituli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q
A

genital aperture

spiracular plate- respiration

anus and anal groove

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

dorsal side of tick that cut skin

A

chelicerae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

ventral side of capitulum with groove for blood to flow through

A

hypostome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q
A

chelicerae

hypostome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

two shapes of head for ticks

A

hexagonal
rectangular

basis capituli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

— are soft ticks

A

Argasidae- argas, otobius, ornithodoros

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

— are hard ticks

A

ixodidae:
Ixodes
Boophilus
Haemaphysalis
Amblyomma
Rhipicephalus
Dermacentor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what type of tick has scutum?

A

hard ticks- ixodidae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what type of tick lacks a scutum

A

Argasidae (soft tick)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

male of female Ixodidae have a full scutum

A

male

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what type of ticks have a ventrally recessed capitulum

A

aragasidae (soft ticks)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

where is the capitulum for hard ticks?

A

at the front

Ixodidae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

life cycle of soft ticks

A

Hemimetabolous

egg- larva with 6 legs- nymph 8 legs (up to 7 instars)- adult

feeds on multiple hosts (one per nymphal stage)

Argasidae- argas, otobius, ornithodoros

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

life cycle of hard ticks

A

Hemimetabolous- incomplete

egg- larva with 6 legs- nymph 8 legs (only 1 nymphal stage)- adult

can feed on up to 3 hosts

Ixodidae: Dermacentor, Rhipicephalus, Ixodes, Boophilus, Amblyomma, Hemaphysalis, Hyalomma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

soft or hard ticks are resistant to starvation and desiccation

A

soft ticks- Argasidae

survive for years without feeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

kinetics of feeding for Ixodids

A

hard ticks- cemented to host during feeding

slow phase
rapid phase

pathogens can transmit at day 2 of attachment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

feeding habits of Argasids

A

soft ticks

feed rapidly, short periods of attachment, Lair ectoparasites

up to 7 nymph stages all feeding, dropping off, molting and feeding again

adult will feed, hide lay eggs and feed again

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Argasids are commonly found in the —

A

desert and dry condition

soft tick

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

life cycle of argasids female

A

feed repeatedly and mate off host

lay up to 500 eggs in cracks after each feeding

live close to host to allow repeated feeding

soft tick- Argasidae- argas, otobius, ornithodoros

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q
A

Argas pesicus

fowl tick- soft tick

feeds at night
larvae attach for 5 days
nymphs and adults feed for short periods
adult females drink in 45 minutes

vector of avian spirochete: Borrelia anserina

Argasidae- argas, otobius, ornithodoros

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Argas pesicus is also called

A

fowl tick

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Argas pesicus looks like

A

well defined margins
dorsoventrally flattened

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

—- are a vector of avian spirochete —

A

Argas pesicus - soft tick- fowl tick

Borrelia anserina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Otibius megnini is also called the

A

spinose ear tick

Argasidae- argas, otobius, ornithodoros

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

what animals are infected by Otobious megnini

A

Infest dogs, cats, sheep, horses, cattle and humans

ONE host lifecycle

Argasidae- argas, otobius, ornithodoros

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q
A

Otobius megnini nymph
spinose ear tick

larvae and nymph are parasitic- adults are not

Argasidae- argas, otobius, ornithodoros

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q
A

Otobius megnini adult

rounded posteriorly, slight tapper anteriorly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

— cause inflammation and waxy exudation from ears

A

otobius megnini- spinose ear tick

Argasidae- argas, otobius, ornithodoros

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

pajaroello tick is also called

A

Ornithodoros coriaceus
slightly forward mouth parts(capitulum)

Argasidae- argas, otobius, ornithodoros

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

bites from which soft tick is painful

A

Ornithodoros coriaceus- pajaroello tick

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Ornithodoros coriaceus cause —

A

tick toxicosis and paralysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q
A

Ornithodoros coriaceus
pajaroello tick

Argasidae- argas, otobius, ornithodoros

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

capitulum of tick

A

mouthpart
-3 segment palps for grabbing host
- 2 chelicerae
- 1 hypostome with central grove for blood
-Basis capituli - other mouth parts are attached here

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

— is found on the first leg and acts to sense movement, CO2 and pheromones

A

Haller’s organ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

what type of tick has festoons

A

some hard ticks- ixodidae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

— type of ticks have slow feeding and long periods of attachment

A

ixodidae- hard ticks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

– type of ticks generally are quick feeders. attach for short periods and hide in host nest between feedings

A

Argasidae- soft ticks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Factors accounting for vector capacity include:

A

Persistent blood feeders Long periods of host attachment
Wide host range
Longevity
Transovarial and transstedial transmission
Presence of immune modulators

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Argas pesicus feed on

A

chicken, turkey and wild bird

lair ectoparasite

Fowl tick- soft tick

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

They are nocturnal and inhabit the dens, caves and burrows. Only the larvae and nymphs are parasitic. Heavy infestation can lead to mortality by anaemia

A

Ornithodoros

soft tick

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Ornithodoros coriaceus is attracted to — and infects

A

CO2

cattle and humans
painful bite +/- toxocosis

soft tick

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

— is the vector of african swine fever

A

ornithodoros porcinus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

vector od Borrelia recurrentis

A

ornithodoros turicata
cause relapsing fever

soft tick

48
Q
A

palp
genital
anus
anal groove
festoons

49
Q
A

basis capituli
shield
eye
festoons

50
Q
A

palp
chelicerae
hypostome
basis capituli

51
Q

what stage?

A

nymph- no genitals, 8 legs

52
Q

what stage

A

larva- 6 legs

53
Q

what prevents the male hard tick from becoming engorged

A

scutum covers whole body

54
Q

scutum can be — or —

A

ornate or inornate

55
Q

2 host tick life cycle

A

egg in environment

larva on 1st host (rabbit)
larva to nymph

nymph leave 1st host and molt into adults in environment

adult attach to new 2nd host and feed until they engorge and drop off and lay eggs

56
Q

3 host life cycle of tick

A

eggs into larva

larva feed on 1st host (small mammal)

leave and molt to nymph

overwinter

nymph attach to 2nd host (dog, human ect.)

leave and molt into adult

adult attach to host 3 (deer, human ect)

adults overwinter

lay eggs in spring

57
Q

3 type of transmission of pathogen by ticks

A

ingestion
transovarial
transstadial

58
Q

transoverial tranmission

A
59
Q

what type of pathogens are spread by transovarial transmission

A

babesia (transovarial and transstadial)

borrelia

60
Q

what type of pathogens are spread by transstadial transmission

A

anaplasma
babesia
rickettsia
ehrilichia
haemobartonella

61
Q

Transstadial transmission of ticks

A
62
Q

2 ways tick finds host

A

hunter- chase host

ambush- questing- stay and wait

63
Q

— are found on ticks legs to detect potential host

A

Haller’s organ

64
Q
A

questing- ambush strategy

use hallers organ to sense host

65
Q

Ixodes Scapularis is also called

A

deer tick

66
Q

Ixodes scapularis has what type of life cycel

A

3 host tick life cycle

67
Q

Ixodes scapularis is a vector for

A

Borrelia burgdoferi (Lyme’s disease)

Babesia spp. (Human and animal babesiosis)

Ehrlichia spp. (Human granulocytic ehrlichiosis, ehrlichiosis in infected animals)

68
Q

what do Ixodes look like

A

long mouthpart
rectangular basis capituli
inornate scutum
no leg bands
no festoons
anal groove is above anus!

69
Q
A

Ixodes tick- hard tick

long mouthpart
rectangular basis capituli
inornate scutum
no leg bands
no festoons
anal groove is above anus!

70
Q

Haemaphysalis longicornis is also called

A

long horned tick

71
Q
A

Haemaphysalis longicornis

hard tick-Ixodidae

72
Q

what type of hard tick has asexual females

A

Haemaphysalis longicornis

parthenogenically- asexually

73
Q

Haemaphysalis longicornis are vectors for

A

Babesia
Ehrlichia
Viruses Borrelia burgdoferi
Anaplasma
Theileria

74
Q

what does Haemaphysalis longicornis look like

A

arrowhead shaped mouth parts
rectangular basis capituli
no bands
inornate scutum
+ festoons

75
Q

AMBLYOMMA AMERICANUM are called the

A

lone star tick

76
Q

life cycle of Amblyomma americanum

A

3 host tick

lone star tick

hard tick- Ixodidae- HIBRAD

77
Q

where are Amblyomma americanum found

A

wild and domestic animals- mostly cattle

ears, flanks, head and belly

hard tick- Ixodidae- HIBRAD

78
Q

Amblyomma americanum are vectors of

A

Rickettsia rickettsii (Rocky mountain spotted fever)
Francisella tularensis (Tularaemia)
Lyme disease
Ehrlichia

Cytauxzoon

79
Q
A

Amblyomma americanum- lone star tick

80
Q

amblyomma americanum look

A

ornate scutum
rectangular basis capituli
banded legs
+ festoons
long slender mouth parts

81
Q
A

Amblyomma variegatum

82
Q

life cycle of Dermacentor ticks

A

Most species are 3-host ticks e.g. D. andersoni, D. variabilis, D. reticulatus

Some are 1-host ticks e.g. D. nitens, D. albipictus

83
Q

immature stages of Dermacentor ticks feed on

A

rodents and small mammals

84
Q

Dermacentor ticks can cause

A

tick paralysis

85
Q
A

dermacentor tick

86
Q

demacentor ticks look

A

banded legs
short mouth parts
rectangular basis capituli
highly ornate scutum
+ festoons

87
Q

American dog tick

A

Dermacentor variabilis

Common pest of dogs and readily attacks humans

Vector of Ehrlichia chaffensis, Rickettsia rickettsia (agent of rocky mountain spotted fever), B. burgdoferi, F. tularensis

88
Q

American dog ticks carry

A

Common pest of dogs and readily attacks humans
ii. Vector of Ehrlichia chaffensis, Rickettsia rickettsia (agent of rocky mountain spotted fever), B. burgdoferi, F. tularensis

Dermacentor variabilis

89
Q

Rocky mountain wood tick

A

Dermacentor andersoni

Are pest of large mammals such as cattle, horses and sheep.

Commonly in brush or scrub vegetation in Western U.S.

Vector of Colorado Tick Fever virus to humans.

Probably most common agent of tick paralysis.

90
Q

Dermacentor andersoni carry

A

rocky mountain wood tick

vector of Colorado tick fever virus in humans

91
Q

brown dog tick or kennel tick

A

Rhipicephalus sanguineus

92
Q

Rhipicephalus sanguineus infect

A

ears, interdigital spaces and back of necks of dogs, livestock and birds

brown dog tick/ kennel tick

93
Q
A

Rhipicephalus sanguineus

brown dog tick/kennel tick

94
Q

what does Rhipicephalus look like

A

short mouth parts
hexogonal basis capituli
no bands
inornate scutum
+ festoons

brown dog tick/kennel tick

95
Q

boophilus tick is also called

A

blue tick

96
Q

life cycle of Rhipicephalus sanguineus

A

3 host tick lifecycle

97
Q

life cycle of Boophilus

A

1 host tick

98
Q

Boophilus ticks are vectors for

A

Babesia bovis, Texas Cattle Fever or bovine piroplasmosis and a range
of other pathogens

99
Q

what does Boophilus tick look like

A

short mouth parts
hexagonal basis capituli
inornate scutum
NO festoons

looks identical to Rhipicephalus except for festoons

100
Q

3 tick surveillance techniques

A

flagging
CO2 attractants
close examination of host and host habitat

101
Q

head of ticks

A

Capitulum- basis capituli
palps
chelicerae
hypostome

102
Q

Ticks are —, and require blood to survive, reproduce and molt

A

obligate hematophages

103
Q

upon a blood meal, the pathogen infects the tissues of the tick, including the ovaries where they infect all the eggs produced and laid by the tick. Thus, all larvae produced from such eggs will transmit the infection.

A

transovarial/ vertical transmission

104
Q

E.g Babesia, Ehrlichia etc is spread by what type of transmission

A

vertical/transovarial

105
Q

this occurs when a pathogen infects the tick at a stage and remains with the vector as it subsequently molts. Thus, all stages of the tick can transmit the infection

A

transstadial

106
Q

some pathogens are transmitted when ticks are ingested by the host by a suitable host

A

ingestion

Hepatozoon canis

107
Q

Ticks detect animals — with the Haller’s organ

A

breath, body odors/pheromones, body heat, moisture, CO2 changes and/or vibrations

108
Q

a 3-host and inornate tick. Has long palps, rectangular basis capituli, lack eyes and festoons. The anterior position of the anal groove distinguishes it from all other tick genera
in which it is either absent or posteriorly located.

A

ixodes

109
Q

Ixodes pacificus is

A

Western counterpart to I. scapularis as vector of B. burgdorferi

can cause tick paralysis

110
Q

— type of ticks were recently introduced into the USA and reproduce asexually

A

Haemaphysalis

111
Q

large, highly ornate ticks with long legs that are banded. They are 3-host ticks with rectangular basis capituli which
bears long and slender mouthparts. They have eyes, festoons.

A

amblyomma

112
Q

Dermacentor infect

A

Immature stages generally infest rodents, lagomorphs and other small mammals while adults infest large animals including humans.

113
Q

They are inornate, have eyes and festoons. Basis capituli is hexagonal and palps are short.

A

rhipicephalus

114
Q

Appear yellow, reddish or blackish brown

A

Rhipicephalus sanguineus - The “Brown Dog” Tick; Kennel Tick

115
Q

mainly affects cattle. It is a one-host tick.

A

Boophilus

116
Q

have hexagonal basis capituli that bears short palps, are
inornate, lack eyes and festoons

A

boophilus

Fall 22: Parasites (32 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions