31 + 32. endoparasite treatment Flashcards
what two nematodes are vertically transmitted and acquired form environment or by eating paratenic host
Toxocara canis (roundworm)- attack small intestine (thick walled L2)
Ancylostoma caninum (hookworm)- cause anemia- eat egg or skin penetration
— cause autoinfection
Strongyloides
intestinal threadworm
L3 infectious through perianal skin or colon
dipylidium caninum is spread by
fleas
infects young and old dogs at same rate
a doublepored tapeworm
every puppy has —
toxocara canis- roundworms
spread by milk, placenta, indirect and direct - infectious L2- attack small intestine (Ascarids- TTTB AHHPAT)
adult toxocara canis worms grow in —
3-4 weeks in puppy
larva in neonatal liver
roundworm- Ascarids- L2
hookworms adults take — to grow in puppy
2 weeks
can be spread by direct or L3 in milk
what drug for roundworm
Pyrantel pamoate and Fenbendazole
Toxocara canis- start 2 weeks of age every 2 weeks
what drug for hookworm in dogs
Pyrantel pamoate and Fenbendazole
A. caninum- start 2 weeks of age every 2 weeks
how to prevent transplacental transmission of hookworm and roundworm in dogs
Fenbendazole SID from gestational day 40 until 2
weeks post-whelping.
(heartworm meds)Selamectin or Moxidectin on gestational days 10 and 40 and days 10 and 40 post-whelping.
toxocara canis larvae during pregnancy will
wake up at 45 days
move to placenta
A. caninum L3 during pregnancy will
wake up at 42 days
move to mammary gland
— very high efficacy against reactivated larvae in pregnant dog
Macrocyclic lactones
control for hookworms, ascarids and whipworms in general
pick up poop
monthly preventatives
keep on leash
Strongyloides stercoralis treatment
treat all animals in house
Fenbendazole SID for 14 days
clean up poop, keep off contaminated area for 1 week- dry out
use disinfectants
larval leak
A. caninium:
a larva is somewhere in the body and does not get killed by meds
will activate and cause infection 2-3 weeks after treatment
use monthly moxidectin( advantage multi) to kill these worms before they lay more eggs
A. caninum eggs in feces one week after therapy
drug resistance
A. caninum eggs are gone but back two to three weeks after treatment
larval leak
use Advantage Multi (moxidectin)- month long drug that will kill worms before they lay eggs
what breed of dogs are common to be drug resistance for A. caninum
grey hounds
rice grain in dog poop
tapeworm- dipylidium
— are intermediate hosts are tapeworms
fleas
— is used to kill tapeworms
Praziquantel
and flea prevention
how to treat tapeworms
praziquantel
prevent fleas
treat all pets in house for at least 3 months
treat any re-occurrence
keep dog on leash outside
treatment for echinoccus multilocularis
bad tapeworm
Praziquantel every 3 weeks
spread by fox and coyotes
very contagious- zoonotic
— is very pathogenic for puppies with neuro signs and is not found in fecal exam
Neospora
— is very common in puppies and animals should be washed to remove cysts from fur
giardia
zoonotic
treatment for giardia
No approved FDA drug
Benzimidazoles (fenbendazole, febantel)
Wash dog’s hind end after each defecation - remove cysts
zoonotic
treatment for cystoisospora
Sulfadimethoxine for 10 days – coccidiostat- wont multiply, drug will not kill protozoa
In kennel situation (puppies present) use a coccidiocidal drug (none FDA approved)
treatment for neospora. caninum or Toxoplasma gondii
no FDA approved
Clindamycin (coccidiostat) for 10 days (or longer).
Toltrazuril or Ponazuril (coccidiocidal)
treatment for babesia
clindamycin
Diminazene, Imidacarb diproprionate
prevent ticks
common in greyhounds
cause anemia- spread by brown dog tick
treatment for leishmania
antimonial- can have side effects
maintenance with allopurinol
common in foxhounds
treatment for tritrichomonas
NO FDA
ronidazole
treatment for neospora, toxoplasma, hammondia
raw food diets
treat all puppies even without clinical sings with clindamycin
yearly parasite workup includes
fecal float
proglottid check- tapeworms
ectoparasite check- flea dirt, ticks
heartworm SNAP
monthly flea and tick preventatives
— parasite is found in cat vomit
ollulanus
toxocara cati is spread by
direct, indirect and transmammary
cats or dogs will have tracheal migration of Toxocara at any age
cats
dogs will only have tracheal migration in under 6 month old puppies
parasite control in kittens
treat every 2 weeks beginning at 3 weeks until 9 weeks old
treat mom at same time
at 9 weeks, start monthly preventative
run fecal 3-4 times for 1st year, then yearly
prevent T. cati transmammary transmission
treat with profender 5-6 days pre-whelping
treatment for tapeworms in cats
prevent fleas
praziquantel and epsiprantel
keep cats inside
— cause chronic diarrhea in cats, that does not get better with meds
Tritrichomonas blagburni
bob cat fever
cytauxzoon felis
cytauxzoon felis causes — and can be tested for by —
bobcat fever
PCR and blood smears
Cytauxzoon felis is caused by
ticks
lone star- amblyomma americanum
how to treat giardia in cats
off label use of fenbendazole
puppy shows round worm and fleas what drug?
Pyrantel pamoate- for roundworms
give every 2 weeks for a total of 4 doses
all puppies born with roundworm
Praziquantel for fleas/ tapeworms
animals with fleas usually have
tapeworms- “rice” in poop
how to treat roundworm during pregnancy
Fenbendazole SID from gestational day 40 until 2
weeks post-whelping.
(heartworm meds) Selamectin or Moxidectin* on gestational days 10
and 40 and days 10 and 40 post-whelping.
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