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Fall 22: Parasites > 12. trematodes > Flashcards

12. trematodes Flashcards

1
Q

flukes are

A

trematodes

part of the plathelminthes (flatworms)

Monogenea and Digenea

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2
Q

monogenea life cycle

A

direct lifecycle

hermaphrodites

viviparous- no eggs Live L1
feed on epidermis, blood and mucous

Monogenea- gyrodactylus, dactylogyrus

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3
Q

monogenea symptoms

A

excessive mucus secretion
hemorrhage, tissue loss→secondary infections
inflammation
can be lethal in heavy infections

(Flukes)Monogenea- gyrodactylus, dactylogyrus

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4
Q

Gyrodactylus spp infect

A

ectoparasite on skin and gills of aquatic animals

attach by haptor?

(flukes) Monogenea- gyrodactylus, dactylogyrus

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5
Q

treatment of gyrodactylus

A

copper sulfate bath
formalin
hydrogen peroxide

fluke on skin and gills of fish

(flukes) Monogenea- gyrodactylus, dactylogyrus

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6
Q

Digenea

A

blood or tissue dwelling flukes
hermaphrodites

Digenea: PDDFTS. paramphistomatidae, dicrocoelidae, diplostomatidae,fasciolidae, troglotrematidae, schistomatidae

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7
Q
A

digenea- fluke

Digenea: PDDFTS. paramphistomatidae, dicrocoelidae, diplostomatidae,fasciolidae, troglotrematidae, schistomatidae

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8
Q

lifecycle of digenea

A

DH- eggs into water
eggs hatch and release micracidium

IH goes through asexual reproduction- cercaria

  1. cercaria directly penetrates skin of DH
  2. cecaria eaten by 2nd IH then eaten by DH
  3. form cyst on vegetation- metacercaria- that is eaten by DH

when in DH will undergo sexual reproduction to form new egg

Digenea: PDDFTS. paramphistomatidae, dicrocoelidae, diplostomatidae,fasciolidae, troglotrematidae, schistomatidae

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9
Q
A

lifecycle of digenean

Digenea: PDDFTS. paramphistomatidae, dicrocoelidae, diplostomatidae,fasciolidae, troglotrematidae, schistomatidae

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10
Q

— and — are digenean that enter DH by forming metacercariae

A

cyst on vegetation

Fasciolidae
(eg, Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Fascioloides magna)

Paramphistomatidae
(eg, Paramphistomum cervi, P microbothroides)

Digenea: FPDDTS. fasciolidae, paramphistomatidae, dicrocoelidae, diplostomatidae, troglotrematidae, schistomatidae

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11
Q

adult Fasciola hepatica are found

A

in liver
liver fluke- 3-4 cm
flattened shoulders
leaf like

infection by eating metacercariae encysted vegetation

Digenea: FPDDTS. fasciolidae, paramphistomatidae, dicrocoelidae, diplostomatidae, troglotrematidae, schistomatidae

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12
Q

eggs of F. hepatica

A

operculate- trap door?
found in feces

unembryonated eggs

infection by eating metacercariae encysted vegetation

Digenea: FPDDTS. fasciolidae, paramphistomatidae, dicrocoelidae, diplostomatidae, troglotrematidae, schistomatidae

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13
Q

lifecycle of F. hepatica

A

form metacercaria

liver fluke-

Digenea: FPDDTS. fasciolidae, paramphistomatidae, dicrocoelidae, diplostomatidae, troglotrematidae, schistomatidae

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14
Q

symptoms of acute F. hepatica

A

liver lesions, tissue destruction, internal bleeding

black disease- caused by Clostridium novyi growing in these lesions

liver fluke that makesmetacercaria to infect host(sheep)

Digenea: FPDDTS. fasciolidae, paramphistomatidae, dicrocoelidae, diplostomatidae, troglotrematidae, schistomatidae

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15
Q

secondary infection by — cause black disease in liver infected by F. hepatica

A

Clostridium novyi

liver fluke that makes metacercaria to infect DH(sheep)

Digenea: FPDDTS. fasciolidae, paramphistomatidae, dicrocoelidae, diplostomatidae, troglotrematidae, schistomatidae

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16
Q

Chronic F. hepatica cause

A

bile duct hyperplasia, fibrosis and calcification
low blood protein, anemia and wasting disease

liver fluke that forms metacercaria to infect DH (sheep)

Digenea: FPDDTS. fasciolidae, paramphistomatidae, dicrocoelidae, diplostomatidae, troglotrematidae, schistomatidae

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17
Q

infectious dose >5000 metacercariae
Animals suddenly die without any previous clinical signs. Ascites, abdominal hemorrhage, jaundice, pallor of membranes may be observed.

A

acute type 1 F. hepatica

liver fluke that makes metacercaria to infect DH(sheep)

Digenea: FPDDTS. fasciolidae, paramphistomatidae, dicrocoelidae, diplostomatidae, troglotrematidae, schistomatidae

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18
Q

infectious dose = 1000-5000 metacercariae As above, sheep die, but briefly show pallor, loss of
condition, and ascites.

A

Acute type II F. hepatica infection

liver fluke that makes metacercaria to infect DH(sheep)

Digenea: FPDDTS. fasciolidae, paramphistomatidae, dicrocoelidae, diplostomatidae, troglotrematidae, schistomatidae

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19
Q

infectious dose = 800-1000
metacercariae. Sheep are lethargic, anemic, and may die.
Weight loss is the dominant feature.

A

subacute Fasciolosis
F. hepatica

liver fluke that makes metacercaria to infect DH(sheep)

Digenea: FPDDTS. fasciolidae, paramphistomatidae, dicrocoelidae, diplostomatidae, troglotrematidae, schistomatidae

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20
Q

infectious dose = 200-800
metacercariae. Asymptomatic or gradual development of bottle jaw and ascites, emaciation, weight loss.

A

chronic fasciolosis
F. hepatica

liver fluke that makes metacercaria to infect DH(sheep)

Digenea: FPDDTS. fasciolidae, paramphistomatidae, dicrocoelidae, diplostomatidae, troglotrematidae, schistomatidae

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21
Q

treatment for F. hepatica

A

some drugs
drain ponds to kill IH (snails)
fluke-free pastures

liver fluke that spread by metacercariae

Digenea: FPDDTS. fasciolidae, paramphistomatidae, dicrocoelidae, diplostomatidae, troglotrematidae, schistomatidae

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22
Q

Fascioloides magna infect

A

form cyst in liver and bile duct of deer

juveniles do not mature in cattle, sheep and goats- worms migrate around

Digenea: FPDDTS. fasciolidae, paramphistomatidae, dicrocoelidae, diplostomatidae, troglotrematidae, schistomatidae

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23
Q
A

F. hepatica- small liver fluke in sheep

F. magna- large liver fluke that cause cyst formation in deer. If it infects sheep and goats will migrate through liver

Digenea: FPDDTS. fasciolidae, paramphistomatidae, dicrocoelidae, diplostomatidae, troglotrematidae, schistomatidae

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24
Q

Paramphistomum cervi and P. microborthroides are called

A

rumen flukes

use metacercaria to infect sheep and cattle

Digenea: FPDDTS. fasciolidae, paramphistomatidae, dicrocoelidae, diplostomatidae, troglotrematidae, schistomatidae

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25
Paramphistomum cervi and P microbothroides infect
sheep and cattle by forming metacercardiae adults relatively harmless high infection can cause worms to migrate from small intestine to rumen | rumen fluke ## Footnote Digenea: FPDDTS. fasciolidae, paramphistomatidae, dicrocoelidae, diplostomatidae, troglotrematidae, schistomatidae
26
Paramphistomum life cycle
indirect similar to F. hepatica- egg- miracidium- IH- cercaria- metacercaria- host(cattle and sheep) ## Footnote Digenea: FPDDTS. fasciolidae, paramphistomatidae, dicrocoelidae, diplostomatidae, troglotrematidae, schistomatidae
27
P. microbothroides | rumen fluke- use microcercaria to infect cattle ## Footnote Digenea: FPDDTS. fasciolidae, paramphistomatidae, dicrocoelidae, diplostomatidae, troglotrematidae, schistomatidae
28
what three families digenea infect by infecting secondary IH
**Troglotrematidae** (e.g., Nanophyetus salmincola, Paragonimus kellicotti) **Diplostomatidae** (e.g., Alaria spp.) **Dicrocoeliidae** (e.g., Platynosomum fastosum, Dicrocoelium dendriticum) ## Footnote Digenea: FPDDTS. fasciolidae, paramphistomatidae, dicrocoelidae, diplostomatidae, troglotrematidae, schistomatidae
29
Nanophyetus salmincola life cycle
host to Neorickettsia helminthoeca- cause salmon sickness in dogs egg- miracidium in water- eaten by IH(snail)- cercaria- 2nd IH (salmon)- metacercaria - eaten by DH (dog) Family **troglotrematidae** ## Footnote Digenea: FPDDTS. fasciolidae, paramphistomatidae, dicrocoelidae, diplostomatidae, troglotrematidae, schistomatidae
30
--- causes salmon poisoning
nanophyetus salmincola Family Troglotrematidae | intestinal fluke that spread to second IH before DH ## Footnote Digenea: FPDDTS. fasciolidae, paramphistomatidae, dicrocoelidae, diplostomatidae, troglotrematidae, schistomatidae
31
Paragonimus kellicotti cause ---
respiratory disease found in pairs part of family Troglotrematidae | lung fluke- snail- 2nd IH- DH ## Footnote Digenea: FPDDTS. fasciolidae, paramphistomatidae, dicrocoelidae, diplostomatidae, troglotrematidae, schistomatidae
32
life cycle of Paragonimus kellicotti
lung fluke egg- miracidium- snail- cercaria- second IH(crab)- encysts as metacercaria- eaten by DH (dog) - spread to lungs part of family troglotrematidae ## Footnote Digenea: FPDDTS. fasciolidae(FH,FM), paramphistomatidae(PC, PM), dicrocoelidae(PF,DD), diplostomatidae(A), troglotrematidae(NS,PK), schistomatidae
33
Paragonimus kellicotti eggs
operculate eggs (collar) lung fluke- use 2nd IH(crab) ## Footnote Digenea: FPDDTS. fasciolidae(FH,FM), paramphistomatidae(PC, PM), dicrocoelidae(PF,DD), diplostomatidae(A), troglotrematidae(NS,PK), schistomatidae
34
Alaria spp. infect
intestinal fluke of wildlife- racoons can infect dogs and cats but rare | family dicrocoelidae ## Footnote Digenea: FPDDTS. fasciolidae(FH,FM), paramphistomatidae(PC, PM), dicrocoelidae(PF,DD), diplostomatidae(A), troglotrematidae(NS,PK), schistomatidae
35
--- have mesocercaria stage
alaria spp intestinal fluke ## Footnote Digenea: FPDDTS. fasciolidae(FH,FM), paramphistomatidae(PC, PM), dicrocoelidae(PF,DD), diplostomatidae(A), troglotrematidae(NS,PK), schistomatidae
36
transmission of Alaria spp.
vertical transmission- via milk ducts mesocercaria stage found in second intermediate host | intestinal flukes of the Diplostomatidae family ## Footnote Digenea: FPDDTS. fasciolidae(FH,FM), paramphistomatidae(PC, PM), dicrocoelidae(PF,DD), diplostomatidae(A), troglotrematidae(NS,PK), schistomatidae
37
mesocercaria
special larval stage found in intermediate, paratenic hosts Migration in lungs can cause disease found in Alaria- family diplostomatidae | intestinal fluke ## Footnote Digenea: FPDDTS. fasciolidae(FH,FM), paramphistomatidae(PC, PM), dicrocoelidae(PF,DD), diplostomatidae(A), troglotrematidae(NS,PK), schistomatidae
38
alaria spp family diplostomatidae | intestinal fluke- special mesocaercaria stage ## Footnote Digenea: FPDDTS. fasciolidae(FH,FM), paramphistomatidae(PC, PM), dicrocoelidae(PF,DD), diplostomatidae(A), troglotrematidae(NS,PK), schistomatidae
39
life cycle of Dicrocoelium dendriticum
liver fluke of sheep caused by eating metacercaria infected ant part of the Dicrocoeliidae family ## Footnote Digenea: FPDDTS. fasciolidae(FH,FM), paramphistomatidae(PC, PM), dicrocoelidae(PF,DD), diplostomatidae(A), troglotrematidae(NS,PK), schistomatidae
40
shape of Dicrocoelium dentriticum
small 6-10 mm long no shoulders lancet shaped small operculate eggs | part of the dicrocoeliidae family- use 2nd IH ## Footnote Digenea: FPDDTS. fasciolidae(FH,FM), paramphistomatidae(PC, PM), dicrocoelidae(PF,DD), diplostomatidae(A), troglotrematidae(NS,PK), schistomatidae
41
Dicrocoelium dentriticum eggs are
small brown, operculate one side flattened contains miracidium (embryonated) | use 2nd IH ## Footnote Digenea: FPDDTS. fasciolidae(FH,FM), paramphistomatidae(PC, PM), dicrocoelidae(PF,DD), diplostomatidae(A), troglotrematidae(NS,PK), schistomatidae
42
D. dendriticum infect
bile duct of sheep, cattle and pigs cause fibrosis and cirrhosis use second IH embryonated eggs with miracidium part of the Family dicrocoeliidae (liver fluke) ## Footnote Digenea: FPDDTS. fasciolidae(FH,FM), paramphistomatidae(PC, PM), dicrocoelidae(PF,DD), diplostomatidae(A), troglotrematidae(NS,PK), schistomatidae
43
Platynosomum fastosum infect
fluke of bile and pancreatic duct of cats family dicrocoeliidae | lizard poisoning - use second IH ## Footnote Digenea: FPDDTS. fasciolidae(FH,FM), paramphistomatidae(PC, PM), dicrocoelidae(PF,DD), diplostomatidae(A), troglotrematidae(NS,PK), schistomatidae
44
lizard poisoning is caused by ---
metacerariea in lizards that are used as 2nd IH for Platynosomum fastosum fluke of bile and pancreatic duct of cat Family Dicrocoeliidae ## Footnote Digenea: FPDDTS. fasciolidae(FH,FM), paramphistomatidae(PC, PM), dicrocoelidae(PF,DD), diplostomatidae(A), troglotrematidae(NS,PK), schistomatidae
45
lifecycle of Schistosomes
blood fluke- veins- heart- lungs- liver male and female(tied together)- lay eggs- miracidium- IH(snail)- cercaria- skin penetration of DH (cattle and human) ## Footnote Digenea: FPDDTS. fasciolidae(FH,FM), paramphistomatidae(PC, PM), dicrocoelidae(PF,DD), diplostomatidae(A), troglotrematidae(NS,PK), schistomatidae
46
what part of the lifecycle of Schistosomes are infectious?
cercariae- right after snail(IH) can penetrate skin | blood flukes ## Footnote Digenea: FPDDTS. fasciolidae(FH,FM), paramphistomatidae(PC, PM), dicrocoelidae(PF,DD), diplostomatidae(A), troglotrematidae(NS,PK), schistomatidae
47
Schistosome eggs that remain in the host cause
granulomas in liver and other tissues | blood fluke ## Footnote Digenea: FPDDTS. fasciolidae(FH,FM), paramphistomatidae(PC, PM), dicrocoelidae(PF,DD), diplostomatidae(A), troglotrematidae(NS,PK), schistomatidae
48
Heterobilharzia americana infects
dog schistosomes DH- dogs, raccoon, bobcat, rabbit adults in mesenteric vein can cause lethargy, weight loss, diarrhea | blood fluke- direct skin penetration after 1st IH(snail) as cercariae ## Footnote Digenea: FPDDTS. fasciolidae(FH,FM), paramphistomatidae(PC, PM), dicrocoelidae(PF,DD), diplostomatidae(A), troglotrematidae(NS,PK), schistomatidae
49
symptoms of Schistosomes
granuloma formation- lungs and liver large number of eggs and long lived worms | blood fluke ## Footnote Digenea: FPDDTS. fasciolidae(FH,FM), paramphistomatidae(PC, PM), dicrocoelidae(PF,DD), diplostomatidae(A), troglotrematidae(NS,PK), schistomatidae
50
swimmers itch can be caused by
schistosomes that penetrate the skin and die- don't make it to circulation to breed cause delayed type hypersensitivity reaction | direct skin penetration of cercaria after 1st IH(snail) ## Footnote Digenea: FPDDTS. fasciolidae(FH,FM), paramphistomatidae(PC, PM), dicrocoelidae(PF,DD), diplostomatidae(A), troglotrematidae(NS,PK), schistomatidae
51
what trematodes are found in the liver and bile duct
Fasciola hepatica, Fascioloides magna, Dicrocoelium dendriticum, Platynosomum fastosum ## Footnote Digenea: FPDDTS. fasciolidae(FH,FM), paramphistomatidae(PC, PM), dicrocoelidae(PF,DD), diplostomatidae(A), troglotrematidae(NS,PK), schistomatidae
52
what trematodes are found in the rumen
Paramphistomum spp ## Footnote Digenea: FPDDTS. fasciolidae(FH,FM), paramphistomatidae(PC, PM), dicrocoelidae(PF,DD), diplostomatidae(A), troglotrematidae(NS,PK), schistomatidae
53
what trematodes are found in the intestine
Nanophyetus salmincola, Alaria marcianae ## Footnote Digenea: FPDDTS. fasciolidae(FH,FM), paramphistomatidae(PC, PM), dicrocoelidae(PF,DD), diplostomatidae(A), troglotrematidae(NS,PK), schistomatidae
54
what trematodes are found in the lungs
Paragonimus kellicotti ## Footnote Digenea: FPDDTS. fasciolidae(FH,FM), paramphistomatidae(PC, PM), dicrocoelidae(PF,DD), diplostomatidae(A), troglotrematidae(NS,PK), schistomatidae
55
what trematodes are in the circulation
Schistosomes | skin penetration of cercardia after 1st IH ## Footnote Digenea: FPDDTS. fasciolidae(FH,FM), paramphistomatidae(PC, PM), dicrocoelidae(PF,DD), diplostomatidae(A), troglotrematidae(NS,PK), schistomatidae
56
--- are leaf like large, parasites found in the liver and bile duct
Fasciola hepatica ## Footnote Digenea: FPDDTS. fasciolidae(FH,FM), paramphistomatidae(PC, PM), dicrocoelidae(PF,DD), diplostomatidae(A), troglotrematidae(NS,PK), schistomatidae
57
--- are small lancet-like parasites found in the liver and bile duct
Dicrocoelium ## Footnote Digenea: FPDDTS. fasciolidae(FH,FM), paramphistomatidae(PC, PM), dicrocoelidae(PF,DD), diplostomatidae(A), troglotrematidae(NS,PK), schistomatidae
58
--- are small rounded with posterior sucker shaped parasites found in the rumen
Paramphistomum ## Footnote Digenea: FPDDTS. fasciolidae(FH,FM), paramphistomatidae(PC, PM), dicrocoelidae(PF,DD), diplostomatidae(A), troglotrematidae(NS,PK), schistomatidae
59
Trematodes (digeneans) have complex life cycles requiring at least one intermediate host (for ----), a definitive host (for ---), and usually an aquatic phase.
asexual reproduction sexual reproduction
60
Larval --- are released from the intermediate host snail.
cercariae
61
There are 3 routes for infection of the definitive host of trematodes
a. ingestion of metacercariae encysted on vegetation b. ingestion of metacercariae encysted in tissues of second intermediate host c. direct, percutaneous infection by cercariae ## Footnote Digenea: FPDDTS. fasciolidae(FH,FM), paramphistomatidae(PC, PM), dicrocoelidae(PF,DD), diplostomatidae(A), troglotrematidae(NS,PK), schistomatidae
62
The liver fluke --- is a model for ingestion of metacercariae encysted on vegetation and is of major veterinary importance.
Fasciola hepatica ## Footnote Digenea: FPDDTS. fasciolidae(FH,FM), paramphistomatidae(PC, PM), dicrocoelidae(PF,DD), diplostomatidae(A), troglotrematidae(NS,PK), schistomatidae

Fall 22: Parasites (32 decks)

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