02 + 03. nematodes Flashcards
—- are round worms
nematodes
nematodes have a coating of —
cuticle
acellular, protective coating
nematodes= round worm
alae are —
cuticular evaginations
wings
on nematodes (round worms)
bursate nematodes have —
male tail has a copulatory bursa to clasp onto the female during mating
round worms- nematodes
non-bursate nematodes have —
pre-cloacal sucker used to hold female during sex
nematodes= roundworm
nematodes go through a — from L1-L2
moult
get bigger
exsheathment
direct lifecycle of nematode
parasite to host, no intermediate
can either ingest egg(hatched or unhatched) or free-living larvae
indirect nematode life cycle
Intermediate host required for development of pre-
parasitic larvae
Definitive host ingests intermediate host(paratenic)
Intermediate host serves as a vector
passive transmission
Definitive host
Sexual reproduction in the definitive host
intermediate host
Provide physiological requirements for development of larvae
Provide advantages for transmission of parasitic nematodes
Paratenic
No development of larval stages
transport
Predator/prey relationship with definitive host
— in ascaris suum life cycle acts as a paratenic host
earthworm
another name for arrested development
hypobiosis
— is the inhibition of larval development
arrested development
hypobiosis
why does parasite go into hypobiosis
survival mechanism against adverse environment (winter)
True or false
drugs work better when a parasite is in hypobiosis
false
parasite is not metabolically active, most drugs will not work
Larvae arrest at the L4 in the fall; emerge the following spring in —
spring rise
periparturient rise
strongylida are — parasites
GI
what stage of strongylida are found in the environment?
L1-L3
nematodes (roundworm)
strongylida are — copulators
bursa
— are hookworms
Superfamily Ancylostomatoidea
bent head, oral cutting plate or teeth
— have cutting plates or teeth
Ancylostomatoidea: hookworms
strongylida have a large — and are — feeders
buccal
plug or blood feeders
Primary pathogenic mechanism in hookworm disease
ingestion of blood by adult worms in the small intestine
Ancylostomatoidea: hookworms
order: strongylida
nematodes- round worms
Bunostomum phlebotomum
L3 will go through —
exsheathment inside the host
can invade by mouth or skin
PPP
prepatent period
time animal is infected without clinical signs or diagnosis
seasonality of parasite activity
hypobiosis
hookworms cause edema by —
hookworms eat blood
loss of proteins cause fluids to leak out of vessels and cause edema
strongyle egg
order strongylida
ancylostomatoidea (hookworms)
Strongyloidea( excluding syngamus trachea)
Trichostrongyles
hookworms have what kind of eggs
oval shape
thin shell
contain embryo (many cells) or larva
Bunostomum phlebotomum effect —-
hookworms of cattle
enter through skin or mouth
cause edema
hookworm of dogs and cats
Ancylostoma caninum
Ancylostoma caninum effect what animal
hookworm of dogs
what type of hookworm has a transmammary route?
ancylostoma caninum
effect dogs and cats
can cause larval migrans in humans
strongylida- hookworm- oval shape, thin shell
life cycle of ancylostoma caninum
skin penetration by L3
systemic circulation in blood- can lead to reservoir of arrested L3 in skeletal muscle and gut wall-> can transfer by milk (lactogenic) or placenta to pup
or
tracheal migration (coughed up and swallowed- move to intestine and grow into adults that bred and lay eggs
hookworm, strongylida, bursate nematodes
ancylostoma caninum can transfer to pups by
milk and placental transmission
will penetrate skin, into blood and arrest as L3 in skeletal muscle or gut wall, activated when host becomes pregnant, directly into puppies GI tract (does not need somatic migration)
— causes cutaneous larva migrans in human
ancylostoma caninum
hookworm, strongylida, bursate nematodes
transmammary route of hookworms will cause — in puppies
patency 7 days earlier
does not need to migrate, goes directly to the GI tract
ancylostoma caninum
hookworm, strongylida, bursate nematodes
ancylostoma caninum will come out of hypobiosis when —
hormones- host pregnant- leads to increased parasite and transmammary and transplacental route of transmission to puppies
ancylostoma caninum
hookworm, strongylida, bursate nematodes
oral route or transmammary route will have a faster prepatent period
transmammary- 12-14 days
ancylostoma caninum
hookworm, strongylida, bursate nematodes
what is the only hookworm with prenatal infection that infect dogs and cats
ancylostoma caninum
hookworm, strongylida, bursate nematodes
which hookworm can eat blood as a L4
ancylostoma caninum
dog and cat hookworm, strongylida, bursate nematodes
significant blood loss prior to patency is caused by —
L4 able to eat blood before it is an adult
ancylostoma caninum
dog and cat hookworm, strongylida, bursate nematodes