01. intro Flashcards

1
Q

—- arenot caused by pathogens and therefore cannot be spread from one person to another.

A

Non-infectious diseases

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2
Q

non-infectious diseases are caused by factors such as

A

genetics, malnutrition, environment and lifestyle.

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3
Q

—–aredisorders caused by organisms — such as bacteria, viruses, fungi or parasites.

A

Infectious diseases

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4
Q

— are tapeworms

A

cestodes

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5
Q

— are hookworms or round worm

A

nematodes

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6
Q

helminths include

A

trematodes, cestodes (tape worm), nematodes (hook/round worm)

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7
Q

Animals that live in close association with each other are called — living together in the process of —-

A

symbionts
symbiosis.

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8
Q

2 species living together and neither “loses” or “win

A

commensalism

bird and livestock- eat insects that are kicked up by cattle

the birds benefit but the ungulate is neither harmed nor helped.

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9
Q

2 species living together for the benefit of both

A

mutualism

rumen bacteria

These bacteria obtain nutrients from the ruminant’s diet, and the animal gets energy from the products of bacterial metabolism. Therefore,these bacterial species are in a symbiotic relationship with the cow.

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10
Q

rumen bacteria is what type of symbiosis

A

mutualism

These bacteria obtain nutrients from the ruminant’s diet, and the animal gets energy from the products of bacterial metabolism. Therefore,these bacterial species are in a symbiotic relationship with the cow.

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11
Q

1 organism serves to carry the other one from place to place

A

phoresis

bot fly

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12
Q

bot fly uses — type of symbiosis

A

phoresis

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13
Q

2 species living together, where one is living at the expense of the other

A

parasitism

tapeworm, heartworm ect.

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14
Q

direct life cycle

A

life cycle in which a parasite is transmitted directly from one host to the next without anintermediate hostor vector of another species.

only one host

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15
Q

indirect lifecycle

A

need 2 or more hosts

type of a life cycle wherein a parasite is transmitted from one host to another by using a vector or by an intermediate host of another species. A parasite with an indirect life cycle would therefore require more than one type of host species to complete their life cycle.

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16
Q

all trematodes have what type of life cycle

A

indirect

needs vector or intermediate host

17
Q

most cestodes have what type of life cycle

A

indirect

need 2 or more hosts, need a vector or intermediate host

18
Q

—- host is where adult or sex occurs for parasite

A

definitive

19
Q

—- is a host that carries the parasite from host to host but no maturation of the parasite occurs

A

paratenic host

20
Q

definitive host

A

host that has adult or sexually reproductive parasite

21
Q

— is a host that transfers parasite from host to host

A

vector

22
Q

intermediate host

A

host that is needed for lifecycle of parasite

can act as a vector

used in indirect lifecycle

23
Q

source of infection to other animals

A

reservoir

changes depending on host

dogs are reservoir for humans, mice are reservoir for dogs

24
Q

There is required development of intermediate
or larval stages

A

intermediate host

25
Q

Organisms that transmit parasite directly from
host to host

A

vector

26
Q

Disease of humans acquired from animals

A

ANTHROPOZOONOSIS
rabies

27
Q

Disease of animals acquired from humans

A

ZOOANTHROPONOSIS
giardia

28
Q

Disease of both humans and animals

A

AMPHIXENOSIS

29
Q

Disease restrict to humans that evolved from infections of lower animals

A

ANTHROPONOSIS

smallpox

30
Q

lungworms test

A

baermann

31
Q

fluke test

A

sedimentation

32
Q

strongyle eggs test

A

fecal float

33
Q

microfilariae test

A

blood test