01. intro Flashcards
—- arenot caused by pathogens and therefore cannot be spread from one person to another.
Non-infectious diseases
non-infectious diseases are caused by factors such as
genetics, malnutrition, environment and lifestyle.
—–aredisorders caused by organisms — such as bacteria, viruses, fungi or parasites.
Infectious diseases
— are tapeworms
cestodes
— are hookworms or round worm
nematodes
helminths include
trematodes, cestodes (tape worm), nematodes (hook/round worm)
Animals that live in close association with each other are called — living together in the process of —-
symbionts
symbiosis.
2 species living together and neither “loses” or “win
commensalism
bird and livestock- eat insects that are kicked up by cattle
the birds benefit but the ungulate is neither harmed nor helped.
2 species living together for the benefit of both
mutualism
rumen bacteria
These bacteria obtain nutrients from the ruminant’s diet, and the animal gets energy from the products of bacterial metabolism. Therefore,these bacterial species are in a symbiotic relationship with the cow.
rumen bacteria is what type of symbiosis
mutualism
These bacteria obtain nutrients from the ruminant’s diet, and the animal gets energy from the products of bacterial metabolism. Therefore,these bacterial species are in a symbiotic relationship with the cow.
1 organism serves to carry the other one from place to place
phoresis
bot fly
bot fly uses — type of symbiosis
phoresis
2 species living together, where one is living at the expense of the other
parasitism
tapeworm, heartworm ect.
direct life cycle
life cycle in which a parasite is transmitted directly from one host to the next without anintermediate hostor vector of another species.
only one host
indirect lifecycle
need 2 or more hosts
type of a life cycle wherein a parasite is transmitted from one host to another by using a vector or by an intermediate host of another species. A parasite with an indirect life cycle would therefore require more than one type of host species to complete their life cycle.
all trematodes have what type of life cycle
indirect
needs vector or intermediate host
most cestodes have what type of life cycle
indirect
need 2 or more hosts, need a vector or intermediate host
—- host is where adult or sex occurs for parasite
definitive
—- is a host that carries the parasite from host to host but no maturation of the parasite occurs
paratenic host
definitive host
host that has adult or sexually reproductive parasite
— is a host that transfers parasite from host to host
vector
intermediate host
host that is needed for lifecycle of parasite
can act as a vector
used in indirect lifecycle
source of infection to other animals
reservoir
changes depending on host
dogs are reservoir for humans, mice are reservoir for dogs
There is required development of intermediate
or larval stages
intermediate host
Organisms that transmit parasite directly from
host to host
vector
Disease of humans acquired from animals
ANTHROPOZOONOSIS
rabies
Disease of animals acquired from humans
ZOOANTHROPONOSIS
giardia
Disease of both humans and animals
AMPHIXENOSIS
Disease restrict to humans that evolved from infections of lower animals
ANTHROPONOSIS
smallpox
lungworms test
baermann
fluke test
sedimentation
strongyle eggs test
fecal float
microfilariae test
blood test
