14 - Le passé composé Flashcards by Kim Matheson

I worked in Italy for a long time.

J’ai longtemps travaillé en Italie.

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I took care of business communication.

Je me suis occupée de la communication d’entreprise

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I had the chance to organize international events.

J’ai eu la chance d’organiser des événements internationaux.

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Yesterday we cooked a good meal all together. What a mess! Today we have to clean the kitchen!

Hier, nous avons cuisiné un bon repas tous ensemble.

Quel bazar ! Aujourd‘hui, il faut nettoyer la cuisine !

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I ate fries.

J’ai mangé des frites.

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You watched television.

Tu as regardé la télévision.

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We went to the soccer game.

Nous sommes allés au match de foot.

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They became very rich.

Ils sont devenus très riches.

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In the majority of cases, one uses the auxiliary “to have”

Dans la majorité des cas, on utilise l’auxiliaire “avoir.”

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When do we use the auxiliary “to be”?

Quand est-ce qu’on utilise l’auxiliaire “être” ?

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With 14 verbs and their derivatives, we use the auxiliary “être”

Avec 14 verbes et leurs dérivés, on utilise l’ auxiliaire “être.”

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(the 14 verbs that use “être”)

Aller
Arriver
Descendre
Entrer
Monter
Mourir 
Naître
Partir
Passer
Rester
Retourner
Sortir
Tomber
Venir

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to arrive

arriver

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to enter

entrer

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to ascend/climb

monter

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to be born

naître

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to die

mourir

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to pass

passer

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to stay, remain, keep

rester

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to return

retourner

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to fall

tomber

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If we use the auxiliary “être,” we must agree between the subject and the past participle.

With the auxiliary “avoir,” we do not agree, except for a few exceptions that you will see later.

Si on utilise l’auxiliaire “être,” il faut faire l’accord entre le sujet et le participe passé.

Avec l’auxiliaire “avoir,” on ne fait pas l’accord, sauf pour quelques exceptions que vous verrez plus tard.

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I went to the market this morning.

Je suis allée au marché ce matin.

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He became a movie star.

Il est devenu une star de cinéma.

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She became a great lawyer.

Elle est devenue une grande avocate.

We went on vacation among us girls.

Nous sommes parties en vacances entre filles.

Did you come alone?

Vous êtes venus seuls ?

With all pronominal verbs, we use the auxiliary "être."

Avec tous les verbes pronominaux, on utilise l’auxiliaire être."

As we use "être," the past participle agrees with the subject.

Comme on utilise "être," le participe passé s’accorde avec le sujet.

I got up

Je me suis levé(e)

You washed yourself

Tu t’es lavé(e)

He got ready, she got ready

Il s’est préparé, elle s’est préparée

We went to bed

Nous nous sommes couché(e)s

You rested

Vous vous êtes reposé(e)(s)

They had fun, they (fem.) had fun

Ils se sont amusés, elles se sont amusées

to get up

se lever

to wash yourself

se laver

to get ready, prepare

se préparer

to go to bed

se coucher

to rest

se reposer

to realize, to dawn on

se rendre compte (de)

to call, telephone

téléphoner

to apply (for a job)

postuler

to talk/converse with, to meet with someone about something

s'entretenir

Yesterday, I spoke with my boss.

Hier, je me suis entretenu avec mon patron.

My colleagues argued.

Mes collègues se sont disputés.

My boss realized my skills.

Mon patron s'est rendu compte de mes compétences.

Were you bored at your old job?

Vous vous êtes ennuyés dans votre ancien travail ?

My interview went well.

Mon entretien s’est bien passé.

You made a lot of money.

Vous avez gagné beaucoup d'argent.

They met this morning.

Ils se sont rencontrés ce matin.

She became a project manager.

Elle est devenue chargée de projet.

In the past tense, the negation is put around the auxiliary.

Au passé composé, la négation se met autour de l’auxiliaire.

The expression "nowhere" is an exception; it is placed after the verb.

L’expression "nulle part" est une exception, elle est placée après le verbe.

I haven't eaten.

je n’ai pas mangé.

I never ate.

je n’ai jamais mangé.

I ate nothing.

Je n’ai rien mangé.

He did not come.

Il n’est pas venu.

He never came.

Il n’est jamais venu.

He went nowhere.

Il n’est allé nulle part.

With pronominal verbs, the "ne" is placed before the pronoun.

Avec les verbes pronominaux, le "ne" se place avant le pronom.

I did not have fun.

Je ne me suis pas amusée.

You were not bored.

Tu ne t’es pas ennuyé(e).

She didn't get up late.

Elle ne s’est pas levée tard.

They did not meet.

Ils ne se sont pas rencontrés.

We haven't seen each other for a long time.

Nous ne nous sommes pas vus depuis longtemps.

Marc and Marie did not kiss.

Marc et Marie ne se sont pas embrassés.

I didn't hurry.

Je ne me suis pas dépêché(e).

You didn't get ready quickly enough.

Vous ne vous êtes pas préparés assez vite.

I did not get up early.

Je ne me suis pas levée tôt.

He dressed well.

Il s’est bien habillé.

You made a mistake.

Vous vous êtes trompés.

They (fem.) got lost.

Elles se sont perdues.

You saw your mistake.

Tu t’es aperçu de ton erreur.

Why is she stressed? What did she not do?

Pourquoi est-elle stressée ? Qu’est-ce qu’elle n’a pas fait ?

to realize

s’apercevoir

to wonder

se demander

to hurry up

se dépêcher

to look at each other

se regarder

Irregular past participles: ``` pouvoir vouloir lire boire ouvrir ```

``` pu voulu lu bu ouvert ```

Irregular past participles: ``` venir mettre prendre écrire rire ```

``` venu mis pris écrit ri ```

to laugh

rire

Are you going upstairs?

Tu montes à l‘étage ?

You laugh at his joke.

Vous riez à sa blague.

He falls down the stairs.

Il tombe dans les escaliers.

She walks into the room.

Elle entre dans la pièce.

We go out in the rain.

Nous sortons sous la pluie.

Are you still seated?

Vous restez assises ?

I've never been on a plane.

Je n’ai jamais pris l’avion.

When to use the perfect (passé composé) tense

1. ) A finished action, completed by the time we're talking 2. ) To talk about a change in the past (initial situation = imperfect, change = passé composé) 3. ) To talk about a specific/precise moment in the past (we know when it was)

When to use the imperfect tense

1. ) To describe context for a situation (ex: "last week, it was beautiful weather") 2. ) To talk about a habit in the past (ex: "when I was little...") 3. ) To talk about a past situation that is NOT specific/precise (we don't know when it happened) 4. ) To make a physical or emotional description

Everything is clear

Tout est claire

Past participles for: être avoir devoir mettre

été eu du mis

Forming the past participle: 1r group, 2me group, 3me group

``` 1r groupe (-er) --> é 2me groupe (-ir) --> i 3me groupe --> irregular ```

I became better at French

je suis devenu(e) meilleur(e) en francais

mirror

le miroir

missing

manquant (OR: qui manquait)

to take care of, keep, nurture

entretenir