Wrist and Hand; Ankle and Foot

Question 1

what are the tarsal bones of the foot?

Answer 1

• talus
• calcaneus
• navicular
• (medial) cuneiforms
• (intermediate) cuneiforms
• (lateral) cuneiforms
• cuboid

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Question 2

minus the tarsals, what are the other bones of the foot?

Answer 2

• metatarsals 1-5
• proximal phalanges 1-5
• middle phalanges 2-5
• distal phalanges 1-5

Question 3

what are the movements of distal radio-ulnar joint?

Answer 3

(assists proximal RU joint)

• supination
• pronation

Question 4

what is the function of the inferior tibio-fibular joint (syndesmosis)?

Answer 4

no movements but essential for stability of ankle, keeping lateral malleolus close to talus

Question 5

what are the components of the distal radio-ulnar joint?

Answer 5

• fibrous capsule
• anterior and posterior RU ligaments (weak
• sacciform recess within join to accommodate turning

Question 6

what does the inf/ TF ligament form?

Answer 6

posterior wall for talus (trochlea) - “malleolar mortise”

Question 7

what are the components of the inferior tibio-fibular joint?

Answer 7

• interosseous membrane and TF ligament
• anterior and posterior TF ligament
• inferior TF ligament
• all strong ligaments

Question 8

what are movements of the wrist (radiocarpal) joint?

Answer 8

• flexion, extension
• adbuction, adduction
• (some) circumduction

Question 9

what are movements of the ankle joint (talocrural articulation)?

Answer 9

• dorsiflexion

- plantar flexion (more unstable due to narrow trochlea)

Question 10

what type of joint is the wrist?

Answer 10

condyloid

Question 11

what type of joint is the ankle?

Answer 11

hinge

Question 12

the distal end of radius and articular discs of RU join articulates with which bones?

Answer 12

proximal carpal bones (except pisiform):

• scaphoid
• lunate
• triquetrum

Question 13

what does the talus articulate with?

Answer 13

• distal end of tibia
• med. and lat. malleolus
• fibula

Question 14

what ligament prevents dislocation during eversion of foot?

Answer 14

medial deltoid ligament

Question 15

what are the ligaments of the wrist?

Answer 15

• collateral (radial and ulnar)

- radiocarpal (palmar and dorsal)

Question 16

what are the main FLEXORS of wrist joint?

Answer 16

-flexor carpi ulnaris and radialis

Question 17

what are the attachements of flexor carpi ulnaris?

Answer 17

• medial epicondyle of humers

DISTAL
- carpal bones (pisiform, hamate) and 5th metacarpal

Question 18

what nerve is flexor carpi ulnaris supplied by?

Answer 18

ulnar

Question 19

what are the attachments of flexor carpi radialis?

Answer 19

• medial epicondyle of humerus

DISTAL
- base of 2nd metacarpal

Question 20

what nerve is flexor carpi radialis supplied by?

Answer 20

median

Question 21

what are the ankle joint muscles for plantar flexion?

Answer 21

• gastrocnemius
• soleus
• plantaris
• flexor digitorum longus
• flexor hallucis longus
• tibialis posterior

Question 22

what are the attachments of gastrocnemius?

Answer 22

lat. and med. condyles of femur

DISTAL
post. surface of calcaneus (tendon)

Question 23

what are the attachments of soleus?

Answer 23

• post. sup. surface of fibula
• med. border of tibia

DISTAL
post. surface of calcaneus (tendon)

Question 24

what are the attachments of plantaris?

Answer 24

• lat. distal femur
• oblique popliteal ligament

DISTAL
post. surface of calcaneus (tendon)

Question 25

what nerve supplies the plantar flexors?

Answer 25

tibial nerve

Question 26

what are the attachments of flexor digitorum longus?

Answer 26

- post. surface of medial tibia | - distal phalanges of digits 2-5

Question 27

what are the attachments of flexor hallucis longus?

Answer 27

- inf. 2/3 of fibula | - distal phalanx of digit 1

Question 28

what are the attachments of tibialis posterior?

Answer 28

post. surface of fibula and tibia and interosseous membrane

Question 29

what are the muscle EXTENSORS of the wrist joint?

Answer 29

- extensor carpi ulnaris - extensor carpi radialis longus - extensor carpi radialis brevis

Question 30

what nerve supplies the extensors of the wrist?

Answer 30

radial

Question 31

what are the attachments of extensor carpi ulnaris?

Answer 31

- lat. epicondyle of humerus | - dorsal base of 5th metacarpal

Question 32

what are the attachments of extensor carpi radialis longus?

Answer 32

- lat. epicondyle of humerus | - dorsal base of 5th metacarpal

Question 33

what are the attachments of extensor carpi radialis brevis?

Answer 33

- lat. epicondyle of humerus | - dorsal base of 3rd metacarpal

Question 34

what are the dorsiflexor muscles of the ankle joint?

Answer 34

- tibialis anterior - extensor digitorum longus - extensor hallucis longus - fibularis tertius

Question 35

what nerve are the dorsiflexors of the ankle supplied by?

Answer 35

deep fibular nerve

Question 36

what are adductors of wrist?

Answer 36

- extensor carpi ulnaris | - flexor carpi ulnaris

Question 37

what are abductors of wrist?

Answer 37

- extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis - flexor carpi radialis - abductor pollicis longus

Question 38

what are the extrinsic flexor muscles of the hand?

Answer 38

- flexor digitorum superficialis - flexor digitorum profundus - flexor pollicis longus

Question 39

what are the extrinsic extensor muscles of the hand?

Answer 39

- extensor pollicis brevis - extensor indicis - extensor digitorum - extensor digiti minimi - extensor pollicis longus

Question 40

what are the extrinsic muscles of the thumb?

Answer 40

- extensor pollicis brevis and longus - flexor pollicis longus - abductor pollicis longus

Question 41

what are the intrinsic muscles of the thumb?

Answer 41

- flexor pollicis brevis - adductor pollicis - abductor pollicis brevis - opponens pollicis

Question 42

what are the muscles of the 5th digit?

Answer 42

- opponens digiti minimi - abductor digiti minimi - flexor digiti minimi brevis

Question 43

what nerve are the muscles of the 5th digit supplied by?

Answer 43

ulnar

Question 44

what are the extrinsic muscles of the big toe?

Answer 44

- extensor hallucis longus | - flexor hallucis longus

Question 45

what are the intrinsic muscles of the big toe?

Answer 45

- flexor hallucis brevis - adductor hallucis - abductor hallucis - extensor hallucis brevis

Question 46

what are the muscles of the 5th digit?

Answer 46

- abductor digiti minimi | - flexor digiti minimi brevis

Question 47

what are the intrinsic muscles of the foot?

Answer 47

- flexor digitorum brevis | - extensor digitorum brevis

Question 48

what is club foot?

Answer 48

congenital condition: - talus bone deformity - shortened and tightened tendons

Question 49

what does club foot present as?

Answer 49

- foot inversion - ankle plantar flexed - adduction of foot