Bloodborne Pathogens Flashcards
what are the routes of HIV transmission?
+ via blood
+ sexually
+ perinatally
which strain of HIV is more common?
HIV-1
what are viral features of HIV?
+ spherical (80-100nm)
+ enveloped
+ RNA genome
+ retrovirus: uses reverse transcriptase to make DNA copy from viral RNA
what are the stages involved in HIV progression to AIDS?
\+ exposure to HIV \+ seroconversion \+ asymptomatic \+ persistent generalised lymphadenopathy \+ AIDS-related clinical features \+ AIDS
what is used in the treatment of HIV?
+ NRTIs (nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors)
+ NNRTIs (non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors)
+ PIs (protease inhibitors)
what is the treatment for HIV?
HAART (highly active anti-retroviral therapy)
+ 1 NRTI and 1 PI
OR
+ 2 NRTIs and 1 NNRTI
what are methods for diagnosing HIV-specific antibodies?
+ ELISA
+ western blotting
what are methods for detecting viral RNA in serum?
NAAT: quantitative NAAT to measure viral load
what are prevention measures of HIV?
\+ no vaccine \+ screening of blood products \+ needle exchange programmes \+ anti-retroviral prophylaxis for needlestick injuries \+ avoid high-risk sexual partners \+ use barrier contraception \+ elective caesarian section
what are viral features HBV?
+ hepadnavirus
+ double-stranded DNA genome
+ enveloped
what are the 3 HBV antigens?
+ HBsAg
+ HBcAg
+ HBeAg
what are features of HBsAG?
+ surface antigen
+ indicates infectivity
+ anti-HBsAg provides immunity and appears late
what are features of HBcAg?
+ core antigen
+ appears early in infection
what are features of HBeAg?
+ pre-core antigen
+ indicates high transmissibility
what are the routes of HBV transmission?
\+ via blood \+ contaminated needles and equipment \+ tattooing, body piercing, acupuncture \+ sexual intercourse \+ intra-uterine, peri- and post-natal infection \+ contaminated haemodialysis equipment