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MD2002 > ANS 2 > Flashcards

ANS 2 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the effects of anticholinesterases on the ANS?

A 
Salivation
Lacrimation
Urination
Defecation
Gastrointestinal upset
Emesis

Bradycardia
Bronchoconstriction
Hypotension
Pupillary constriction (miosis)

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2
Q

what are predominate locations of nicotinic Ach receptors?

A
  • NMJ
  • sympathetic ganglia
  • parasympathetic ganglia
  • CNS
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3
Q

what are predominate locations of muscarinic Ach receptors?

A
  • parasympathetic target organs
  • sweat glands (sympathetic)
  • vascular smooth muscle
  • CNS
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4
Q

which agonists have specificity with muscarinic receptors?

A
  • acetylcholine
  • muscarine
  • bethanechol
  • pilocarpine
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5
Q

which agonists have specificity with nicotinic receptors?

A
  • achetylcholine

- nicotine

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6
Q

which agonists do nicotinic and muscarinic Ach receptors share?

A

achetylcholine

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7
Q

what are the 3 classes of muscarinic Ach receptors?

A
  1. M1 (neural)
  2. M2 (cardiac)
  3. M3 (glandular/smooth muscle)
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8
Q

what are the main locations of M1 (neural) Ach receptors?

A

autonomic ganglia glands:

  • gastric
  • salivary
  • lacrimal
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9
Q

what are the main locations of M2 (cardiac) Ach receptors?

A
  • heart

- atria

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10
Q

what are the main locations of M3 (glandular/smooth muscle) Ach receptors?

A

exocrine glands:

  • gastric
  • salivary

smooth muscle:

  • GI tract
  • eye
  • airways
  • bladder

blood vessels:
- endothelium

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11
Q

what is the cellular response of M1 Ach receptors?

A

↑ IP3, DAG

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12
Q

what is the cellular response of M2 Ach receptors?

A

↓ cAMP

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13
Q

what is the cellular response of M3 Ach receptors?

A

↑ IP3, DAG

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14
Q

what is the functional response of M1 Ach receptors?

A

gastric secretion

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15
Q

what is the functional response of M2 Ach receptors?

A

cardiac inhibition

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16
Q

what is the functional response of M3 Ach receptors?

A
  • gastric, salivary secretion
  • GI smooth muscle contraction
  • ocular accommodation
  • vasodilation
17
Q

what are the pharmacological properties of pilocarpine?

A

non-selective muscarinic agonist

18
Q

what are clinical uses of pilocarpine?

A
  • constriction of pupils (miosis)
  • glaucoma (to decrease IOP)
  • xerostomia (following head/neck radiotherapy)
19
Q

what are the pharmacological properties of bethanechol?

A

non-selective muscarinic agonist

20
Q

what are the pharmacological properties of atropine?

A
  • non-selective agonist
  • well absorbed orally
  • CNS effects
21
Q

what type of receptor is a muscarinic receptor?

A

g-protein linked receptor (metabotropic)

22
Q

what type of receptor is an nicotinic receptor?

A

ionotropic

23
Q

what does acetylcholine have receptor specificity for?

A

muscarinic and nicotinic

24
Q

what does nicotine have receptor specificity for?

A

nicotinic

25
Q

what does muscarine have receptor specificity for?

A

muscarinic

26
Q

what does bethanechol have receptor specificity for?

A

muscarinic

27
Q

what does pilocarpine have receptor specificity for?

A

muscarinic

28
Q

what are the clinical uses of bethanechol?

A

bladder and gastrointestinal hypotonia

29
Q

what are the clinical uses for atropine?

A
  • adjunct for anaesthesia
  • anticholinesterase poisoning
  • bradycardia/cardiac arrest
30
Q

what are the pharmacological properties of glycopyrronium?

A

similar to atropine:

  • non-selective agonist
  • wel absorbed orally
  • CNS effects
  • does not cross blood brain barrier
31
Q

what are the clinical uses of glycopyrronium?

A
  • adjunct for anaesthesia
  • anticholinesterase poisoning
  • bradycardia/cardiac arrest
32
Q

what are the pharmacological properties of hyoscine hydrobromide?

A

similar to atropine:

  • non-selective agonist
  • wel absorbed orally
  • CNS effects
33
Q

what are the clinical uses of hyoscine hydrobromide?

A
  • hypersalivation

- motion sickness

34
Q

what are the pharmacological properties of ipratropium?

A
  • delivered via inhaler or nebuliser

- does not cross blood brain barrier

35
Q

what are the clinical uses of ipratropium?

A

maintenance treatment of COPD

36
Q

what are pharmacological properties of tropicamide?

A

similar to atropine but shorter acting:

  • non-selective agonist
  • well absorbed orally
  • CNS effects
37
Q

what are clinical uses of tropicamide?

A

opthalmic use (mydriasis)

38
Q

why is there little therapeutic uses for agonists?

A

very few diseases of decreasing parasympathetic activity, more due to increasing activity

39
Q

what are the general problems of selectivity with antagonists?

A
  • few differentiate between subtypes effectively
  • muscarinic ACh receptors widespread; side effects
  • control by route of administration and distribution

MD2002 (85 decks)

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