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MD2002 > Glenohumeral & Hip Joints > Flashcards

Glenohumeral & Hip Joints Flashcards

1
Q

what is the glenohumeral joint?

A

+ ball (head of humerus) and socket (glenoid cavity of scapula) type joint

+ unstable

+ great mobility

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2
Q

what is the hip joint?

A

+ ball (head of femur) and socket (acetabulum of hip) type joint

+ stable

+ limited mobility

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3
Q

describe physical features of the GH joint?

A

+ glenoid fossa is shallow
+ only 1/3 of humeral head is in contact with glenoid
+ held in place by rotator cuff muscles (SITS)
+ surfaces covered by hyaline cartilage
+ fused with tendon of long head of biceps

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4
Q

where does the glenoid labrum attach to?

A

the edge of the glenoid fossa

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5
Q

what is the function of the glenoid labrum?

A

to deepen the socket and help stabilise the joint

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6
Q

what are features of the GH joint capsule?

A

+ joint capsule is loose
- particularly inferiorly, to allow abduction

+ supported by tendons of rotator cuff muscles

+ attached to glenoid fossa margin and labrum and anatomical neck of humerus

+ capsule encloses proximal attachment of long head of biceps

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7
Q

what are the 3 openings on the GH joint capsule?

A
  1. biceps tendon passes through to its insertion
  2. subscapularis bursa
    - protects subscapularis tendon from being damaged by edge of glenoid
  3. subacromial bursa
    - protects supraspinatus tendon from being injured
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8
Q

what is a bursa?

A

a sac-like synocial fluid filled cavity near joints which also help facilitate movement

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9
Q

what is bursitis, and what can it lead to?

A

+ inflammation of the bursa

+ may lead to degenerative changes in associated tendons, resulting in difficulty initiating certain movements

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10
Q

what are the intrinsic (anterior) ligaments of the GH joint?

A

+ glenohumeral: weak

+ transverse humeral: keeps biceps tendon in bicipital groove

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11
Q

what are the extrinsic (superior) ligaments of the GH joint?

A

+ coraco-acromial: strong

+ coraco-humeral: strong

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12
Q

what forms the coraco-acromial arch?

A

+ coronoid process

+ acromion

+ coraco-acromial ligament

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13
Q

what is the function of the coraco-acromial arch?

A

prevents superior displacement of humerus

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14
Q

what are features of the acetabulum of the hip joint?

A

+ deep socket, weight bearing, stable

+ acetabular fossa+lunate surface

+ rim is raised by acetabular labrum (may tear and cause pain)

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15
Q

what does the labrum of the acetabulum bridge across the acetabular notch as?

A

transverse acetabular ligament

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16
Q

what are features of the femoral head of the hip joint?

A

covered by hyaline cartilage except for fovea of ligament

17
Q

what is the hip joint capsule attached to?

A

+ acetabular rim
+ transverse acetabular ligament
+ intertrochanteric line
+ neck of femur

18
Q

what is the capsule of the hip joint?

A

a synovial membrane that covers everything except the articular cartilage, and forms a sleeve around the ligament of the head of the femur

19
Q

what are retinacular fibres?

A

fibres which the synovial layers of the capsule send medially along the femoral neck towards the head

20
Q

what are the 3 capsular ligaments of the hip joint?

A

+ iliofemoral; anterior & superior; strongest
-prevents hyperextension of hip joint during standing

+ pubofemoral; anterior & inferior
- prevents over-abduction of hip joint; tightens during abduction and extension of hip

+ ischiofemoral; posterior; weakest

21
Q

what are features of the hip joint ligaments?

A

+ all capsular ligaments of hip joint spiral around joint and attach to femur so that they are taut in extension

  • prevent overextension
  • stabilize joint
  • save energy during standing
22
Q

what is the zona orbicularis?

A

annular ligament (orbicular zone)

formed by some deep fibres of fibrous capsule winding circularly around neck of femur

23
Q

what vascular structures form the cruciate anastomosis?

A
  • medial circumflex femoral artery (retinacular branches)
  • lateral circumflex femoral artery (retinacular branches)
  • obturator artery
24
Q

what injury might affect the blood supply of the femoral head?

A

fracture of femoral neck

25
Q

what vascular structures supply the hip joint?

A
  • cruciate anastomosis

- trochanteric anastomosis

26
Q

what vascular structures form the trochanteric anastomosis?

A
  • medial circumflex femoral artery
  • lateral circumflex artery
  • superior gluteal artery
  • inferior gluteal artery
27
Q

what are the movements of the GH and hip joint?

A
  • flexion & extension
  • abduction & adduction
  • medial & lateral rotation
  • circumduction
28
Q

what are the FLEXORS of the GH joint?

A
  • pectoralis major
  • deltoid (anterior/clavicular fibres)
  • biceps brachii
  • coracobrachialis
29
Q

what nerve are coracobrachialis and biceps supplied by?

A

musculocutaneous

MD2002 (85 decks)

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