Atherosclerosis Flashcards
1
Q
What are causes of chronic endothelial injury/dysfunction?
A
\+ haemodynamic disturbances \+ hypercholesterolemia \+ hypertension \+ smoking \+ toxins \+ viruses \+ immune reactions
2
Q
what are examples of endothelial dysfunction?
A
+ increased endothelial permeability
+ increased leukocyte adhesion
+ increased monocyte adhesion and migration
3
Q
what are the effects of hyperlipidaemia (LDL cholesterol)?
A
+ impairs endothelial function
+ accumulates within intima
+ causes oxidative modification of LDL
4
Q
what is the role of macrophages in endothelial injury?
A
+ engulf oxidised LDL (foam cells)
+ secrete IL1, TNF, MCP1 and growth factors
+ causes fatty streaks
5
Q
what is the role of smooth muscle proliferation in endothelial injury?
A
+ collagen and extracellular matrix deposition
+ turns fatty streaks into mature fibro-fatty atheromas