Innate Immunity Flashcards
what are routes of entry for pathogens through mucosal surfaces?
- airway
- GI
tract - GU
what are routes of entry for pathogens through external epithelia?
- external surface (skin)
- wounds and abrasions
- insect bites
what pathogen causes meningococcal meningitis?
neisseria meningiditis
what pathogen causes syphilis?
treponoma pallidum
what pathogen causes athlete’s foot?
tinea pedis
what are the phases of innate immunity?
- infection
- recognition by preformed nonspecific effectors
- removal of infectious agent
- 0-4 hours
what are the phases of early induced response?
- infection
- recruitment of effector cells
- recognition and activation
- removal of infectious agent
- 4-96 hours
what are the phases of adaptive immune response?
- infection
- transport of antigen to lymphoid organs
- recognition by naive B and T cells
- clonal expansion of effector cells
- removal of infectious agents
- > 96 hours
what are some mechanical barriers to infection?
- tight junctions between cells
- air and fluid flow across epithelium
- movement of mucus by cilia
what are some chemical barriers to infection?
- fatty acids on skin
- enzymes: lysozyme in saliva, swear and tears
- low pH in stomach
- antibacterial peptides: defensins (skin and gut), cryptidins (gut)
what are some microbiological barriers to infection?
normal flora compete for nutrients and attachment (biofilms), and also produce antibacterial substances (colicins)
what are monocytes?
- 1 of 3 types of phagocytic cell of immune system
- circulate in bloodstream
- differentiate into macrophages in tissue
what is the role of a macrophage?
- phagocytosis and killing of microorganisms
- activation of T cells and initiation of immune response
what are examples of granulocytes?
- neutrophils
- eosinophils
- basophils
what is an alternate name for granulocytes?
polymorphonuclear (PMN) leucocytes - due to shape of nuclei