Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MD2002 > Cell Death > Flashcards

Cell Death Flashcards

1
Q

what are the different types of necrosis?

A 
\+ coagulative
\+ colliquative
\+ caseous
\+ gangrenous
\+ fibrinoid
\+ fat necrosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

features of coagulative necrosis?

A

+ in most tissues
+ firm, pale area
+ ghost outlines on microscopy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

features of colliquative necrosis?

A

+ in brain

+ dead area liquified

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

features of caseous necrosis?

A

+ TB

+ pale yellow, semi-solid material

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

features of gangrenous necrosis?

A

+ with putrefaction
+ follows vascular occlusion or certain infections
+ black

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

features of fibrinoid necrosis?

A

microscopic feature in arterioles in malignant hypertension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

features of fat necrosis?

A

+ follow trauma, cause a mass

+ follow pancreatitis visible as multiple white spots

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is apoptosis?

A

+ programmed cell death
+ usually involves DNA fragmentation
+ recognition by macrophages and non-professional phagocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are extrinsic causes/pathways for cell death?

A

+ receptors

+ T cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are intrinsic causes/pathways for cell death?

A

+ stress (intracellular)

+ DNA damage and p53

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are key features of T cell mediated cell death?

A

+ perforin and granzymes

+ cytoplasmic activation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are key features of intrinsic cell death?

A

+ endogenous activation

+ mitochondrial involvement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what are key features of extrinsic cell death?

A

+ reception interaction
+ cytoplasmic signals
+ caspase cascade

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are examples of extrinsic causes of cell death?

A

+ TNF family
+ Fas CD95
+ inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is a key step in the early stages of apoptosis?

A

release of cytochrome c - 2 step process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is the role of the Bcl2 family?

A

controls apoptosis - dimerisation

17
Q

what are the anti-apoptotic members of the Bcl2 family?

A

Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL (Bcl2 proteins)

18
Q

how do anti-apoptotic members halt apoptosis?

A

+ sequestering proforms of death-driving cysteine proteases called caspases (a complex called the apoptosome)

or

+ by preventing the release of mitochondrial apoptogenic factors such as cytochrome c and AIF (apoptosis-inducing factor) into the cytoplasm

19
Q

what are the pro-apoptotic members of the Bcl2 family?

A

+ Bax and Bak (BH123 proteins)

+ Bad, Bim, Bid, Puma, Noxa
BH3-only protein

20
Q

how do pro-apoptotic members halt apoptosis?

A

+ trigger the release of caspases via heterodimerization

+ also by inducing release of mitochondrial apoptogenic factors into the cytoplasm via acting on mitochondrial permeability transition pore, thereby leading to caspase activation

21
Q

what can abnormal Bcl2 expression cause?

A

cancer

22
Q

what survival factors can override apoptosis?

A

+ increased production of anti-apoptotic Bcl2 protein

+ inactivation of pro-apoptotic BH3-only Bcl2 protein

+ inactivation of anti-IAPs

23
Q

what conditions can occur when apoptosis goes wrong?

A

+ autoimmune disease
+ cancer
+ neurodegeneration

24
Q

which pathway components can be drug targets?

A

+ Bcl2 in lymphoma
+ caspase 3 in Alzheimer’s
+ IAP in cancer

25
Q

what are IAPs?

A

Inhibitors of Apoptosis Proteins - regulate caspases

26
Q

what is pyroptosis?

A

+ highly inflammatory form of programmed cell death

+ occurs most frequently upon infection with intracellular pathogens

+ likely to form part of the antimicrobial response

27
Q

what triggers pyroptosis?

A

microbial trigger e.g. salmonella

28
Q

what are the pattern recognition receptors for pyroptosis?

A

NOD like and Toll like receptors

29
Q

what features of pyroptosis are similar to both necrosis and apoptosis?

A

+ caspase 1 activation, not caspase 3
+ nuclear fragmentation but not cytoplasmic blebbing
+ pro-inflammatory

30
Q

what is anoikis?

A

programmed cell death after losing contact with basement membrane/ECM

31
Q

what are examples of extrinsic cell death?

A
  • TNF family
  • Fas CD95
  • inflammation
32
Q

what are examples of T cell mediated death?

A
  • viral infection

- transplantation rejection

33
Q

caspases: cleave ICAD

A

destroy genetic information

34
Q

caspases: cleave PARP

A

prevent DNA repair

35
Q

caspases: cleave lamin

A

break down nuclear architecture

36
Q

caspases: cleave keratin

A

break down cytoplasmic architecture

MD2002 (85 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions