Gene Expression in Development Flashcards

1
Q

what are totipotent cells?

A
  • e.g cells of the very early mammalian embryo
  • identical and unrestricted
  • can give rise to any cell of body
  • embryonic
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2
Q

what are pluripotent cells?

A
  • e.g inner cells of the blastocyst
  • less potent
  • can give rise to many cell types but not all
  • embryonic
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3
Q

what are multipotent cells?

A
  • e.g. blood cells
  • can give rise to cells that have a particular function
  • adult
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4
Q

what are the two stages of cell commitment?

A
  1. specification - reversible

2. determination - itteversible

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5
Q

what are features of specification stage?

A

capable of differentiating autonomously if placed in isolation BUT can be respecified if exposed to certain chemicals/signals

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6
Q

what are features of determination stage?

A

cell will differentiate autonomously even when exposed to other factors or placed in a different part of the embryo

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7
Q

what is cell fate?

A

what it will become in the course of normal development:

  • when a cell “chooses” a particular fate it is said to be determined
  • still looks like its undetermined neighbours
  • determination implies stable change, fate of determined cells does not change
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8
Q

what is competence of a cell?

A

ability of a cell to respond to the chemical stimuli - a cell can lose competence by changes in surface receptor or intracellular molecules

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9
Q

how does a naive cell become specified?

A

by intrinsic or extrinsic signal:

intrinsic: (cytoplasmic determinant) - cell autonomous signal tells cell ‘who it is’
extrinsic: (induction) - a chemical or molecule in the environment gives cell spatial info, tells cell ‘where it is’

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10
Q

what is brainbow technology?

A
  • tracks neuronal development and cell fate
  • cells tracked over time
  • stochastic colour expression in neuronal cells
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