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MD2002 > Pectoral and Pelvic Girdles > Flashcards

Pectoral and Pelvic Girdles Flashcards

1
Q

which bones form the pectoral girdle?

A

scapula and clavicle

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2
Q

what are features of the pectoral girdle?

A
  • attaches the UL to axial skeleton
  • augments free movement of limb
  • is mobile and moves simultaneously with UL
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3
Q

which bones form the pelvic girdle?

A
  • hip bone (ilium, ischium and pubis)
  • sacrum
  • coccyx
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4
Q

what are features of the pelvic girdle?

A
  • attaches LL to axial skeleton

- provides an almost rigid, complete ring for weight bearing and child birth

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5
Q

what do both the pectoral and pelvic girdles provide?

A
  • “gateways” for neurovascular structures to pass to and from limbs
  • muscle attachment for limb movement
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6
Q

what is the function of the clavicle?

A
  • acts as a strut, holding the upper limb away from the trunk
  • transmits forces from the upper limb to the trunk
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7
Q

describe the physical features of the clavicle

A

lateral end: flat and articulates with acromion

medial end: quadrangular, articulates with manubrium of sternum

medial 1/3 is rounded and convex anteriorly

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8
Q

where does the coraco-clavicular ligament attach?

A
  • conoid tubercle

- trapezoid line

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9
Q

what are features of the scapula?

A
  • triangular bone on the posterolateral aspect of thorax
  • suspended in muscles, held in position by clavicle
  • overlying the 2nd - 7th ribs
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10
Q

what are the 3 margins of the scapula?

A
  • superior
  • medial
  • lateral
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11
Q

what is the superior angle of the scapula level with?

A

2nd rib

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12
Q

what is the inferior angle of the scapula level with?

A

7th rib

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13
Q

how many fossa feature on the scapula?

A

3: supraspinous, infraspinous and glenoid

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14
Q

what is the purpose of the glenoid fossa?

A

to articulate with the humerus

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15
Q

what is the significance of the sternoclavicular joint?

A

it is the only site of attachment of the pectoral girdle to the body

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16
Q

what are features of the sternoclavicular joint?

A
  • synovial joint with joint capsule and intra-articular disc that is attached to clavicle, manubrium and capsule
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17
Q

how is the capsule of the sternoclavicular joint strenghtened?

A
  • by ligaments anteriorly and posteriorly

- plus interclavicular and costoclavicular ligaments

18
Q

where does the subacromial bursa lie?

A

in the narrow “space” between GH joint capsule and acromion, acromioclavicular joint and coraco-acromial ligament

19
Q

what lies next to the subacromial bursa?

A

tendon of supraspinatus muscle

20
Q

how might injury occur to supraspinatus?

A

due to arthritis in adjacent joints and repetitive strain injury

21
Q

what are features of a synovial joint?

A

allows a small range of gliding movement

22
Q

what makes up the major ligamentous support of the acromioclavicular joint?

A

conoid and trapezoid parts of the coraco-clavicular ligament

23
Q

where is the gateway for the pectoral girdle to the upper limbs?

A

between the clavicle, superior edge of scapula and the first rib

24
Q

what passes through the pectoral girdle “gateway” to the axilla?

A
  • subclavian vessels

- trunks of brachial nerve plexus

25
Q

where do the bones of the hip articulate with each other?

A

pubic symphysis

26
Q

what is the relationship between the ASIS and pubic tubercle?

A

on the same coronal plane

27
Q

what are features of the pubic symphysis?

A
  • secondary cartilaginous/fibrocartilage joint between left and right pubic bodies
  • supported by superior and anterior ligaments
  • disc between articular surfaces
  • limited movement, and shock absorption
28
Q

what are features of the sacro-iliac joint?

A
  • for weight transfer, extremely limited movement
  • synovial anteriorly and supported by anterior sacro-iliac ligament
  • fibrous posteriorly, supported by posterior sacro-iliac and interosseous ligaments
29
Q

which ligaments prevent sacrum tilting forwards?

A
  • sacrospinous

- sacrotuberous

30
Q

what are the roles of sacrospinous and sacrotuberous ligaments?

A
  • prevent sacrum tilting forward

- convert sciatic notches into GREATER and LESSER sciatic foramina

31
Q

what structures pass through the greater sciatic foramen?

A
  • sciatic nerve

- gluteal neurovascular bundle

32
Q

what structures pass through the lesser sciatic foramen?

A

internal pudendal neurovascular bundle

33
Q

what gateway does the femoral neurovascular bundle pass through?

A

the gap between inguinal ligament and pelvic bone

34
Q

what structures pass through the obturator canal?

A

obturator neurovascular bundle

35
Q

where is the safe area for intramuscular injections?

A

upper, outer quadrant

36
Q

where does the sciatic nerve emerge?

A
  • into gluteal region
  • inferior to piriformis
  • midway between ischial tuberosity and greater trochanter
37
Q

what are the movements of the pectoral girdle?

A
  1. elevation and depression
  2. protraction and retraction
  3. rotation of the scapula so glenoid fossa faces upwards or downwards (abduction of arm)
38
Q

what does serratus anterior form?

A

medial wall of axilla

39
Q

what nerve descends superficially to serratus anterior?

A

long thoracic nerve

40
Q

what is the origin of trapezius?

A
  • superior nuchal line
  • external occipital protuberance
  • nuchal ligament
  • spinous processes of C7-T12
  • supraspinous ligaments between C7-T12
41
Q

what is the insertion of trapezius?

A
  • lateral 1/3 of clavicle
  • acromion
  • spine of scapula
42
Q

what muscles act on the pectoral girdle?

A
  • trapezius
  • serratus anterior
  • pectoralis minor
  • subclavius
  • levator scapulae
  • rhomboid major
  • rhomboid minor

MD2002 (85 decks)

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