Coping Flashcards

1
Q

what is the definition of coping?

A

the process by which people manage the perceived discrepancy between demands of the situation and the resources of the person that they appraise in a stressful situation

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2
Q

what are the 3 possible responses upon primary appraisal that lead to no further coping?

A
  • benign appraisal
  • irrelevant appraisal
  • positive appraisal
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3
Q

what response upon primary appraisal will lead to secondary appraisal (coping)?

A
  • stimulus appraised as harm, loss or threat

- stimulus appraised as stressor

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4
Q

what are the 4 responses upon secondary appraisal (coping)?

A
  • seeking information
  • taking directs action
  • doing nothing
  • worrying
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5
Q

what are the types of coping?

A
  • problem-focused: reduce demands of situation OR expand resources to deal with it
  • emotion-focused: control emotional response to situation
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6
Q

what are examples of problem-focused coping?

A
  • change from high to low stress job

- change from unhealthy to healthy diet

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7
Q

when might problem-focused coping be used?

A

when people believe their resources or demands of the situation are changeable

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8
Q

what are examples of emotion-focused coping?

A
  • using alcohol or drugs
  • seek emotional support from friends
  • use distraction
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9
Q

when might emotion-focused coping be used?

A

when people fell they can do nothing to change the situation

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10
Q

what are examples of problem-focused coping strategies?

A
  • planning
  • active coping
  • seeking social support
  • positive reappraisal
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11
Q

what are examples of emotion-focused coping strategies?

A
  • seeking social support
  • distancing
  • escape-avoidance
  • denial
  • distraction
  • self-control
  • substance use
  • accepting responsibility
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12
Q

what are examples of stages when coping with illness?

A
  • denial: denies existence of symptom
  • normalising: interpret symptom as normal experience
  • resignation: become consumed by illness
  • accommodation: acknowledges, deals with problem
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13
Q

what are examples of coping resources?

A
  • money
  • health
  • sense of control (over situation)
  • personality (optimism)
  • belief/attitudes (perfectionism)
  • become informed
  • exercise (vs antidepressants)
  • social support
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14
Q

how is coping assessed?

A
  • questionnaires
  • rating scales
  • ways of coping checklist
  • COPE
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15
Q

what does the assessment for coping, COPE, measure?

A
  • what individuals DO and FEEL when they experience stressful events (rating scale)
  • coping strategies incorporated into 13 scales
  • values of responses reflect coping style/strategy
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16
Q

coping as a ‘trait’

A
  • personality
  • style
  • consistency
17
Q

coping as a ‘state’

A
  • response to time and situation
  • process or strategy
  • different ways of coping
18
Q

when is problem-focused coping implemented?

A

when people believe their resources or demands of the situation are changeable

19
Q

when is emotional- focused coping implemented?

A

when people feel they can do nothing to change the situation

20
Q

what is burnout?

A
  • emotional exhaustion

- cynicism

21
Q

‘monitors’ vs ‘blunters’

A

‘monitors’
- seek information
(prefer high information)

‘blunters’
- avoidance
(prefer low information)

22
Q

what type of information might one provide a patient?

A
  • procedural info
  • sensation info
  • behavioural info
23
Q

social support and coping: networks

A
  • size and frequency of contact
  • composition
  • intimacy (confidant)
24
Q

types of social support and coping

A
  • emotional/esteem
  • informational
  • tangible
  • companionship
25
Q

how does social support influence health?

A

buffering effect: protects individual against negative effects on health

  • stressor is strong
  • enhances resources
  • enables reappraisal
  • distraction

direct effect: beneficial to health and well-being

  • regardless of the degree of stress
  • bonding
  • self esteem
  • positive outlook
  • inc. resistance to infection
  • healthier lifestyle
26
Q

when is social support not beneficial?

A
  • when not perceived as supportive
  • reduces self-esteem
  • does not match needs
  • encourages damaging lifestyle (poor role model, not engaging in healthy behaviours, overprotective)