Haematopoiesis and Anaemia Flashcards

1
Q

what is the lifespan of erythrocytes?

A

120 days half-life

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2
Q

what is the lifespan of a neutrophil

A
  • 9-10 hours in blood

- few days in tissues

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3
Q

what is lifespan of lymphocytes?

A
  • memory cells: long-lived

- plasma cells: short-lived

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4
Q

what is lifespan of platelets?

A

4-5 days in blood

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5
Q

what are the two types of stem cells?

A
  • haematopoietic

- stromal

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6
Q

what are the two types of marrow?

A
  • red (myeloid)

- yellow

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7
Q

what does red marrow contribute?

A

blood cells

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8
Q

what does yellow marrow contribute?

A

fat cells

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9
Q

where is red marrow located?

A

flat bones:

  • hip
  • sternum
  • ribs
  • vertebrae
  • shoulder blades
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10
Q

what can happen to yellow marrow in severe anaemia?

A

convert back to red marrow

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11
Q

in foetus, what is the main source of haematopoietic cells?

A

liver, then long bones, then flat bones

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12
Q

what is erythropoietin?

A
  1. glycoprotein hormone produced by fibroblasts in kidney (regulates rbc release)
  2. co-operates with growth factors such as BFU-E and CFU-E in development of precursors of red cells
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13
Q

under hypoxio, what is released?

A

EPO to stimulate rbc production

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14
Q

what is BFU-E?

A

burst forming unit-erythroid

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15
Q

what is CFU-E?

A

colony forming unit-erythroid

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16
Q

what causes EPO and red cell mass to increase?

A
  • high altitude

- low oxygen conc.

17
Q

what causes EPO to decrease and red cell production to switch off?

A

hypertransfusions

18
Q

what happens to EPO conc. with chronic renal failure?

A

O2 sensor damaged, EPO loss

19
Q

what happens to EPO with some kidney tumours?

A

EPO excess

20
Q

what does EPO loss cause?

A

anaemia

21
Q

what does EPO excess cause?

A

polycythaemia (too many RBCs)