Woodrow Wilson

Question 1

“100 percent Americanism”

Answer 1

Brinkley 620
The patriotic movement by “loyalist” Americans that produced strong hatred and suspicion towards immigrants.

Created names for immigrant products like “liberty cabbage” which was Sauerkraut.

Significance?

Question 2

“Fourteen Points”

Answer 2

Brinkley 620-622
Wilson’s plan for reconstructing the world after World War I and how to keep the peace.(1919)

In the Fourteen Points: Specified post-war boundries, freedom of seas, open covenants instead of secret treaties, reductions in armaments, free trade, mediation of colonial claims.

League of Nations part of Points

Question 3

Treaty of Versailles

Answer 3

Brinkley 623
The treaty disscussed with the Allied nations that was to be sent to Congress to be passed.

Wilson returned in poor physical shape from Allied Conference.

Senate raised objections to treaty but Wilson said it must remain the way it is.

Question 4

16th Amendment

Answer 4

Brinkley, 596

1913, permitted Congress to apply a national income taxes

Question 5

17th Amendment

Answer 5

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seventeenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution

1913, United States Senators directly elected by popular vote

Supported by Progressive reformers like William Jennings Bryan

Enacted in an attempt to combat risk of political corruption and potential for electoral deadlocks

Question 6

18th Amendment

Answer 6

Brinkley, 584

1920, prohibition on the sale and manufacture of alcohol passed through Congress

Legislation pressed for by the Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) and the Anti-Saloon League

Advocated by rural fundamentalists on religious and moral grounds and progressives

Opposed by immigrants and the working class

Question 7

19th Amendment

Answer 7

Brinkley, 576

1920, women’s suffrage granted; political rights guaranteed to women nationally

Suffragists began making gains in 1910 when Washington extended suffrage to women, followed by California and other western states

Question 8

Underwood Simmons Tariff

Answer 8

Brinkley, 596

1912, lowering of the protective tariff with the hope that competition would be introduced into American markets in order to break the influence of the trusts

Graduated income tax enacted in order to counteract loss in revenue

Fulfillment of an old Democratic and progressive goal

Question 9

Federal Reserve Act

Answer 9

Brinkley 596

1913, reform of the American banking system; created twelve regional banks to be owned and controlled individually by the individual banks of its district, which would hold reserves of the assets of their member banks in order to support loans to private banks, issue Federal Reserve Notes (paper currency) which were backed by the government, and shift funds to troubled areas

Nearly half the nation’s banking resources were represented in the system within a year, and 80 percent by the 1920s

Question 10

Federal Reserve Board

Answer 10

Brinkley 596

1913, national board that supervised and regulated the systems of the Federal Reserve Act; members appointed by president

Question 11

Federal Trade Commission

Answer 11

Brinkley 596

1914, established an agency that regulated and helped businesses decide whether their decisions would be acceptable to the government and also had the authority to prosecute against “unfair trade practices” and to investigate corporate behavior.

Created along with the Clayton Antitrust Bill to deal with the problem of monopoly

Question 12

Louis Bradeis

Answer 12

Brinkley 587

Late nineteenth/early twentieth century, a successful lawyer that played a large part in the progressive movement for investigating monopoly power; was a justice of the Supreme Court (the first Jew in that position)

Opposed bigness in the economy for its inefficiency and also threat to freedom

Encouraged government regulation of competition in the economy to prevent large combinations from emerging

Question 13

Keating-Owen Act

Answer 13

Brinkley 597

1916, first federal law regulating child labor, achieved by prohibiting shipment of goods produced by underage children across state lines; struck down by the Court

Placed importance on Congress’ responsibility to regulate interstate trade

Question 14

Smith-Lever Act

Answer 14

Brinkley 597

1914, attempted to influence local behavior by offering matching federal grants to support agricultural extension education

Question 15

World War I

Answer 15

Brinkley, Chapter 21

1917-1919 Conflict engaging armies of most of the major European nations, began because of militarism, alliances, nationalism, imperialism, and the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria (MANIA).

U.S. reluctant to get involved, convinced they were separate from the conflict

Joined conflict because of British sympathies, a need for continued trade with the Allied forces (Britain, France, Italy, Russia), and German submarine warfare

Effects on American society included the “Great Migration,” race riots, the Espionage and Sedition Acts, and the Red Scare

Attempts for establishing a new peace included Wilson’d Fourteen Points

Question 16

Espionage Act of 1917

Answer 16

-Brinkley, 617
-The Espionage Act of 1917 allowed the government to penalize any persons for spying, sabotage, or obstruction of the war effort
-The Post Office Department also banned ‘seditious’ material from the mail. Seditious material included all publications of the Socialist Party.
Significance?

Question 17

War Industries Board

Answer 17

• Brinkley, 614
• An agency created in 1917 to coordinate government purchases of military supplies
• In 1918, Wilson placed financier Bernard Baruch as head of the WIB
• Efficiency of WIB was somewhat of a myth and was plagued with mismanagement.

Question 18

16th Amendment

Answer 18

Brinkley, 596

1913, permitted Congress to apply a national income taxes

Question 19

17th Amendment

Answer 19

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seventeenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution

1913, United States Senators directly elected by popular vote

Supported by Progressive reformers like William Jennings Bryan

Enacted in an attempt to combat risk of political corruption and potential for electoral deadlocks

Question 20

18th Amendment

Answer 20

Brinkley, 584

1920, prohibition on the sale and manufacture of alcohol passed through Congress

Legislation pressed for by the Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) and the Anti-Saloon League

Advocated by rural fundamentalists on religious and moral grounds and progressives

Opposed by immigrants and the working class

Question 21

19th Amendment

Answer 21

Brinkley, 576

1920, women’s suffrage granted; political rights guaranteed to women nationally

Suffragists began making gains in 1910 when Washington extended suffrage to women, followed by California and other western states

Question 22

Underwood Simmons Tariff

Answer 22

Brinkley, 596

1912, lowering of the protective tariff with the hope that competition would be introduced into American markets in order to break the influence of the trusts

Graduated income tax enacted in order to counteract loss in revenue

Fulfillment of an old Democratic and progressive goal

Question 23

Federal Reserve Act

Answer 23

Brinkley 596

1913, reform of the American banking system; created twelve regional banks to be owned and controlled individually by the individual banks of its district, which would hold reserves of the assets of their member banks in order to support loans to private banks, issue Federal Reserve Notes (paper currency) which were backed by the government, and shift funds to troubled areas

Nearly half the nation’s banking resources were represented in the system within a year, and 80 percent by the 1920s

Question 24

Federal Reserve Board

Answer 24

Brinkley 596

1913, national board that supervised and regulated the systems of the Federal Reserve Act; members appointed by president

Question 25

Ludlow Massacre

Answer 25

• Brinkley, 615
• In Ludlow, Colorado in 1914, workers and their families on strike, were attacked by the state militia. The event resulted in 39 people dead.
• The massacre was an example of continued labor militancy before the war.

Question 26

1st Great Migration

Answer 26

• Brinkley, 615
• Migration of a substantial amount of African Americans from the rural South to northern industrial cities.
• Migration occurred because of poverty, racism, violence, and increased debt that was experienced in the South
• Also, blacks were attracted to the factory jobs, freedom, and autonomy that the urban North was known for
• Resulted in a dramatic growth in black communities in northern industrial cities such as New York, Chicago, Cleveland, and Detroit

Question 27

Committee on Public Information

Answer 27

• Brinkley, 616
• The CPI was a propaganda campaign initiated by the government to rally support for the war.
• CPI was directed by George Creel (Denver journalist)
• CPI supervised the distribution of pro-war literature, the creation of war posters which were placed in public areas, and the publication of official government accounts.
• CPI’s tactics turned crude as the war continued, they portrayed Germans as savages

Question 28

Espionage Act of 1917

Answer 28

• Brinkley, 617
• The Espionage Act of 1917 allowed the government to penalize any persons for spying, sabotage, or obstruction of the war effort
• The Post Office Department also banned ‘seditious’ material from the mails. Seditious material included all publications of the Socialist Party.

Question 29

Sedition Act

Answer 29

-Brinkley, 617
-Along with the Sabotage Act, the Sedition Act made illegal any public expression of opposition to the war
-The act allowed officials to prosecute anyone who criticized the president or the government
Historical significance?

Question 30

Federal Trade Commission

Answer 30

Brinkley 596

1914, established an agency that regulated and helped businesses decide whether their decisions would be acceptable to the government and also had the authority to prosecute against “unfair trade practices” and to investigate corporate behavior.

Created along with the Clayton Antitrust Bill to deal with the problem of monopoly

Question 31

Louis Bradeis

Answer 31

Brinkley 587

Late nineteenth/early twentieth century, a successful lawyer that played a large part in the progressive movement for investigating monopoly power; was a justice of the Supreme Court (the first Jew in that position)

Opposed bigness in the economy for its inefficiency and also threat to freedom

Encouraged government regulation of competition in the economy to prevent large combinations from emerging

Question 32

Keating-Owen Act

Answer 32

Brinkley 597

1916, first federal law regulating child labor, achieved by prohibiting shipment of goods produced by underage children across state lines; struck down by the Court

Placed importance on Congress’ responsibility to regulate interstate trade

Question 33

Smith-Lever Act

Answer 33

Brinkley 597

1914, attempted to influence local behavior by offering matching federal grants to support agricultural extension education

Question 34

World War I

Answer 34

Brinkley, Chapter 21

1917-1919 Conflict engaging armies of most of the major European nations, began because of militarism, alliances, nationalism, imperialism, and the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria (MANIA).

U.S. reluctant to get involved, convinced they were separate from the conflict

Joined conflict because of British sympathies, a need for continued trade with the Allied forces (Britain, France, Italy, Russia), and German submarine warfare

Effects on American society included the “Great Migration,” race riots, the Espionage and Sedition Acts, and the Red Scare

Attempts for establishing a new peace included Wilson’d Fourteen Points

Question 35

Moral Diplomacy

Answer 35

Brinkley 605

The title of Woodrow Wilson’s foreign policy that stressed the importance of democracy.

1910s, Wilson refused to recognize Mexican government of Huerta, a dictator that supported American business interests, used a trivial incident as an excuse to seize Mexico, which led to fighting, which was followed by temporary support of Carranza who reacted violently what support was taken back.. Mexico and America were on the brink of a war until Wilson withdrew

Question 36

The Big Four

Answer 36

Brinkley 623
Four representatives of the major Allied countries

David Lloyd George (Great Britain), Clemenceau (France), Vittorio Orlando (Italy), Wilson (U.S.A)

Discussed the aftermath of World War I

Question 37

League of Nations(Article X)

Answer 37

http://www.ushistory.org/us/45d.asp
The world wide organization created to keep world peace.(Article X: forced the U.S to respect territory of member nations)

Article X was what the Senate wanted to change(mainly Henry Cabot Lodge), but Wilson wouldn’t change the terms.

Question 38

Ratification Battle

Answer 38

Brinkley 623
The battle between Wilson and the Senate to ratify the treaty of Versailles.

Wilson went on tour to gain support for the treaty and it nearly killed him.

He was an invalid for the rest of his presidency.

Question 39

Postwar Recession

Answer 39

Brinkley 624
The recession following immediately after the postwar boom.(1920)

Raging inflation caused the Postwar Recession.

Made millions jobless.

Question 40

Boston Police Strike

Answer 40

Brinkley 624
Boston police went on strike to gain better wages.

With police on strike, other non-police strikers became violent and looted stores.

Calvin Coolidge(Governor) called in National Guard.

Question 41

Chicago Race Riots

Answer 41

Brinkley 627
Race Riots in Chicago over a black boy that drifted into a white beach where stoned and then drowned.(1919)

Whites formed crowds in response and killed many blacks.

Lasted more than a week with hundreds injured or killed.

Question 42

Red Summer

Answer 42

Brinkley 627
Name for the racial violence during the summer of 1919

These riots were uniquely new because they involved blacks fighting back.

Question 43

Red Scare

Answer 43

Brinkley 628
Concerns felt by many Americans about the growing communist threat

Communist International (Soviet government organization) caused fear about communism.

American Communist Party formed in 1919.

Created massive anti-radicalism.

Question 44

Palmer Raids

Answer 44

Brinkley 629
Raids meant to uncover large weapon caches held by radical centers throught the country.

Only found three pistols and no dynamite.

Arrested 6,000 people, most were released, some deported.

Question 45

Sacco and Vanzetti

Answer 45

Brinkley 629
Two Italian immigrants charged with murder that were convicted due to being anarchists.

Evidence was questionable but still sentenced to death.

Support for a retrial grew but both still died in electric chair.

This is an example of the fear of communism and an action that the government took to stop communism (whether or not they actually committed the crime).