The End of the F and I War to the American Revolution 1763-1775 Flashcards
What is Benign/Salutary Neglect?
106
Salutary Neglect is the ignoring of the colonies politically in order to help them grow. This included the relaxation of the Navigation Acts.
This was significant because when it was changed following the Seven Years War colonists were unhappy that their previous privledges of self-government had been lost.
What is the Albany Plan?
107
The Albany Plan was a treaty between colonial govenments and the Iroquois negotiating peace, and then a defense commitee without the Iroquois.
This was significant because it also outlined a government similar to our modern day plan, with a general government controlling international relations and the colonies retaining individual constitutions. However, it was rejected.
Why? Wat did the rejection highlight that was significant?
Benjamin Franklin
107, 112, 120
Helped draft the Albany Plan.
American leader.
Valued land over trade.
Worked in London as a colonial agent, opposing Stamp Act and differentiating between internal and external taxes.
Significant because of contribution to documents and ideals. Such as…
Iroquois Confederacy
108
Native group with a friendly relationship with the British. Created from Mohawk, Seneca, Cayuga, Onondaga and Oneida tribes.
Significant because of the role in the Seven Years War and the continual diplomacy issues with the colonies. What happens to them as a result of the Seven Years War and American Revolution?
French and Indian War
109
Also known as the Seven Years War. French versus English. English were victorious. When was the war fought? Why were Native Americans drawn into the war? Why were the French and the English fighting?
Significant because of the territory and dominace the British gained in the New World, as well as the taxes the British enforced on the colonies to pay for the war debts.
What relationship between the British and Colonists was ended because of the war? Why? Why is it significant that the British wanted the colonies to pay for the war?
George Washington
109
George Washington, a colonel for the British, built Fort Necessity to challenge the French in Ohion Valley.
Washignton surrendered after attacking the better French Fort Duquesne.
Significant because he caused the French and Indian War, and thus the American Revolution.
Did Washington gain anything from the war?
William Pitt
110
English Secretary of State. Transformed the French and Indian War by bringing it under British control. Caused forced enlistment, and caused riots as a result of more direct control.
Impressed colonists–forced them to serve in the British army.
Signficant because he caused many of the greviences of the colonists.
Peace of Paris, 1763
111
George III, the new king of Britain, forced the resignation of Pitt.
French ceded most Indian colonies, as well as New World colonies.
Significant because it ended a huge war, as well as greatly expanded British possesions in the New World.
Define term first!!!
Territorial versus Commercial Imperialism
112
English had viewed the colonies in value by trade opportunites, some started to view in land because land offered population for taxes, and trade and production. The old commercial and new territorial imperialists debated the most at the end of the War, where the territorialists won.
This was significant because the French retained New Orleans at the cost of Canada.
It is significant for much more than this. Fix it please.
George III and George Grenville
114, 115
George III was a german king ruling Britain. He ruled starting in 1760. He initially spoke only German.
George Grenville was made prime minister in 1763. He began to enforce harsher control on the colonies. This came in through all sorts of British law.
They were significant because they caused many of the grievences of the colonists.
Make this two terms
Acts and Taxes
115, 120, 125
Proclamation of 1763 forbod settlers from passing the Appalachian Mountains. It wasn’t followed.
The Sugar Act of 1764 helped eliminate the illegal sugar trade, as well as damaged the market for sugar grown in the colonies.
The Currency Act of 1764 required colonies to stop issuing paper money.
The Stamp Act of 1765 imposed a tax on almost all printed documents.
The Mutiny Act of 1765 required colonists to assist in provisioning and maintaining the army; they were already doing this but they were unhappy that it was forced upon this.
The Declaratory Act of 1766 was passed immediately after the Stamp Act was repealed, and gave Parliament authority “in all cases whatsoever.”
The Townshend Acts were two measures in 1767 that disbanded the New York Assembly until colonists agreed to compyoling with the Mutiny Act; the second measure created new taxes on goods imported from England.
The Tea Act of 1773 was an exemption for the British East India Company; this eliminated competitino for them and resulted in a boycott of tea.
The Coercive Acts, also known as the Intolerable Acts, were a series of four acts in 1774 that closed the port of Boston, reduced self-government, permitted royal officers some exemption from trials, and provided for the quartering of troops on colonist property.
The Quebec Act of 1774 extended the boundaries of Quebec in order to include more French communities, as well as granting Roman Catholics more rights.
These were significant because they made colonists angry.
Paxton Boys
Brinkley 115-116
1) In 1763, the Paxton Boys of western Pennsylvania descended on Philadelphia demanding relief from colonial taxes (not British) and demanded money to use in defense against the Indians.
2) Colonial government was only able to prevent bloodshed by conceding to the Paxton Boys.
3) They were declared outlaws by the Philadelphia assembly, after launching an unauthorized attack on a neighboring group of Conestoga Indians.
4) They did not surreder after this, instead they armed themselves and marched to Philadelphia. Here Benjamin Franklin finally persuaded them not to attack in return of greater representation in the legislature.
Stamp Act Crisis
118
The Stamp Act caused a large amount of opposition to readily arise from the colonists. Practically everyone had many new taxes, and even thought they were light, it was the concept of taxing for revenue without consent that bothered many Americans.
The significance was that the colonists demanded the same rights to representation a English citizens, this was led by Patrick Henry, and called the Virginia Resolves. They petitioned the British government without sucess, and a series of riots broke out.
Sons of Liberty
119
The Sons of Liberty wre a group of men, mainly in Boston, who harassed tax collecters and stamp agents.
Their significance was their role in sparking more unrest in the colonies, as well as aiding the repeal of the Stamp Act in 1766. This repeal was aided by the marquis of Rockingham, who replaced Grenville, and was a process called “appeasement.”
Internal versus External Taxation
120
Internal taxes were based on goods already in the colonies, similar to modern day sales tax or gasoline tax.
External taxes were customs on goods coming into the colonies, such as imported spices.
The significance of this was that internal taxes were seen as less acceptable, and the Stamp Act was seen as internal, leading to more resistance from the colonists.
Colonial Boycotts
121
Colonial boycotts were a series of boycotts,targeting British goods subject to the Townshend Duties, as well as other taxed goods.
The significance was teh demonstration of resistance to taxation, as well as further development of internal production.
The Boston Massacre
121
The Boston Massacre was the skirmish between colonists and British soldiers in 1770. It resulted in the death of five colonists. The colonists were enraged and the depiction by Paul Revere led to more opposition to British rule.
The significance was the use of the incident as a motivating factor to resist British rule and demonize the British.
Virtual versus Actual Representation
122
Virtual representation was the idea that each colonist waws represented by the Parliament, as each member of Parliament represented the entire nation, regardless of their location.
Actual representation was the concept that a delegate had to actual come from the area to be considered a representitive.
The significance was that it was a main point of disagreement between British and colonists; the British believed that the colonists were being represented; however, the colonists disagreed.
Boston Tea Party
125
The Boston Tea Party was an event in 1773 where local patriots dressed up as Mohawk Indians, then passed through a crowd of supporters, and raided three tea ships, dumping tea into the harbor. The Bostonians refused to pay for the damages.
The significance was that colonists were willing to openly resist British taxes; and, more importantly, it caaused the Coercive Acts as a punishment.
First Continental Congress
126
The First Continental Congress was a group established in 1774 that helped unite the colonies against British rule. They met in Philadelphis and made five major decisinos.
1) A colonial union under British authority was rejected.
2) They created a list of grievances against the king, but was made respectfully.
3) They made military preparations for defense against the British.
4) They agreed to a complete halt of all trade with Britain.
5) They agreed to meet again, and considered the group a continuing organization.\
The significance was that the colonists were finally working together in an organized and respectful way to reject British rule.
Conciliatory Propositions
127
The Conciliatory Propostions of 1775 were an attempt by Lord Cahatham to withdraw troops from America and repeal the Coercive Acts, as well as allowing colonists to tax themselves at Parliament’s demand.
The significance was that the British finally tried to reconcile with the colonists; however, it was too late.
Proclamation of 1763
115
forbode settlers from passing the Appalachian Mountains. It wasn’t followed.
The Sugar Act of 1764
The Currency Act of 1764
required colonies to stop issuing paper money.
The Stamp Act of 1765
imposed a tax on almost all printed documents.
The Mutiny Act of 1765
required colonists to assist in provisioning and maintaining the army; they were already doing this but they were unhappy that it was forced upon this.
The Declaratory Act of 1766
was passed immediately after the Stamp Act was repealed, and gave Parliament authority “in all cases whatsoever.”
The Townshend Acts
were two measures in 1767 that disbanded the New York Assembly until colonists agreed to compyoling with the Mutiny Act; the second measure created new taxes on goods imported from Englan
The Tea Act of 1773
was an exemption for the British East India Company; this eliminated competitino for them and resulted in a boycott of tea.
The Coercive Acts 1774
also known as the Intolerable Acts, were a series of four acts in 1774 that closed the port of Boston, reduced self-government, permitted royal officers some exemption from trials, and provided for the quartering of troops on colonist property.
The Quebec Act of 1774
extended the boundaries of Quebec in order to include more French communities, as well as granting Roman Catholics more rights.
Regulator Movement
Brinkley 116-117
1) The Regulator Movement in North Carolina caused a small-scale civil war in 1771.
2) Regulators were farmers of the Carolina upcountry who organized against the local sheriff’s collection of high taxes.
3) Western counties were not well represented in the colonial assembly, and the Regulators were unable to win redress of their grievances there.
4) They armed themselves and resisted tax collection by force. To end the revolt, Govenor Willian Tryon put together an army of miliiamen, who were mostly from eastern counties, and sent them to fight and defeat a group of 2,000 Regulators in the battle of Alamance.
5) Many were wounded, and nine from each side were killed. Later, six Regulaors were hanged for treason. Although the bloodshed was exceptional, bitter conflicts among the colonies were not, and after 1763 grievances became common.
