James Madison Flashcards
1
Q
Term
A
1809-1817
2
Q
Macon’s Bill No. 2
A
- In 1810, Congress allowed the Non-Intercourse Act to expire and replaced it with Macons Bill (Brinkley 209)
- Macon’s Bill reopened free commerical relations with Britian and France, but authorized the president to prohibit commerce with either belligerent if one should continue violating neutral shipping after the other had stopped (Brinkley 209)
- As a result, Napolean announced that France would stop interferring with American shipping, so Madison announced that the embargo only applied to Great Britain unless Britain renounced its restrictions on American shipping (Brinkley 209)
3
Q
First National Bank Expiration
A
-When the first Bank of the United State’s charter expired in 1811, a large number of state banks began operations. They issued a large amount of bank notes with little gold or silver reserves to back them up. As a result there was a wide variety of notes of differeing value in circulation at the same time. This made honorable business difficult and counterfeiting easy (Brinkley 220)
4
Q
Flecher v Peck
A
- In 1810, Fletcher v Peck arose out of a series of notorious land frauds in Georgia (Brinkley 229)
- The Court had to decide whether the Georgia legislature of 1796 could repeal the act of the previous legislature granting lands under shady circumstances to the Yazoo Land Companies (Brinkley 229)
- Marshall held that a land grant was a valid contract and could not be repealed even if corruption was involved (Brinkley 229)
5
Q
Battle of Tippecanoe
A
- In 1811, Tecumseh (chief of the Shawnees) left Prophetstownand traveled down the Mississippi to visit southern tribes and persuade them to join the alliance (Brinkley 213)
- Governor Harrison saw his absence as an opportunity for an attack, and on November 7, 1811, he provoked a fight and drove the Indians away and burned the town (Brinkley 213)
- As a result the Prophet lost many of his followers who thought that his magic would protect them (Brinkley 213)
6
Q
War Hawks
A
- War Hawks were congressional representatives that were eager for war with Britain (Brinkley 213)
- War Hawks were passionate for territorial expansion, among the most famous were Henry Clay and John Calhoun (Brinkley 213)
7
Q
War of 1812
A
- On June 18, 1812, Madison gave into the war hawks and approved a declaration of war against Britain
- When the Americans entered the War of 1812, they had some military defeats. For example, they had to retreat from their invasion of Canada, Fort Dearborn fell to the Indians, and the British navy was counterattacking American frigates effectively and imposed a blockade on the United States (Brinkley 213)
- American forces seized control of the Great Lakes (mainly through the work of Oliver Hazard Perry who dispersed a British fleet at Put-In-Bay in 1813) (Brinkley 213)
- On October 1813, known as the Battle of Thames, William Henry Harrison pushed into upper Canada and won a notable victory for the death of Tecumseh, who was serving as the brigadier general in the British army (Brinkley 213-214)
- On March 27, 1814, at the Battle of Horseshoe Bend, Jackson’s men slaughtered Indians, many women and children, and broke the resistance of the Creeks (Brinkley 214)
- On August 24, 1814, the British troops entered Washington and set fire to several public buildings, including the White House, in retaliation for the American burning of the Canadian capital (Brinkley 214)
8
Q
Battle of New Orleans
A
- On January 8, 1815, the British advanced into New Orleans, but their forces were no match for Jackson’s which consisted of a collection of Tennesseans, Kentuckians, Creoles, blacks, pirates, and regular army troops (Brinkley 215)
- After the Americans repulsed several waves of attackers, the British retreated, leaving behind 700 dead, 1400 wounded, and 500 prisioners, compared to Jacksons 8 killed and 13 wounded (Brinkley 215)
- Prior to the Battle of New Orleans, the United States and Britain had already reached a peace agreement (Brinkley 215)
9
Q
Hartford Convention
A
- The Federalists were a minority in the country as a whole, however many of them were still a majority in New England, so many began to dream of creating a seperate nation in that region where they would have political dominance again (Brinkley 215)
- On Dec 15, 1814, delegates from the New England states met in Hartford Connecticut, to discuss their grievances (Brinkley 215)
- Those who favored secession at the Hartford Convention were outnumbered by a moderate majority. However, it reasserted the right of nullification and proposed seven amendments to the Constituition (Brinkley 215)
10
Q
Treaty of Ghent
A
-In the Treaty of Ghent, signed on Christmas Eve of 1814, Americans gave up their demand for a British renunciation of impressment and for the cession of Canada to the United States. The British abandoned their call for the creation of an Indian buffer state in the Northwest and made other minor territorial concession (Brinkley 216)
11
Q
Rush Bagot Agreement
A
-The Rush-Bagot agreement of 1817 provided for mutual disarmament on the Great Lakes, making the Canadian-American boundry the longest “unguarded frontier” in the world until 1872 (Brinkley 216)
12
Q
First Protective Tariff Enacted
A
- In 1816, protectionists in Congress won passage of a tariff law that effectively limited competition from abroad on a wide range of items, among the most important of which was cotton cloth (Brinkley 221)
- There were a few objections from agricultural interests who would have to pay higher prices for manufactured goods (Brinkley 221)
13
Q
Second United States Bank Chartered
A
- In 1816, Congress charted a second Bank of the United States, which was essentially the same institution that Hamilton had founded in 1791 except that it had more capital than its predecessor (Brinkley 220)
- The National Bank could not forbid state banks to issue currency, but its size and power enabled it to dominate the state banks (Brinkley 220)
14
Q
Internal Improvements
A
- Congress passed Calhoun’s internal improvements bill, but Madison, on his last day, vetoed it (Brinkley 222)
- Madison said he supported the purpose of the bill, but he believed that Congress lacked the authority to fund the improvements without a constitutional amendment (Brinkley 223)
