William Howard Taft

Question 1

William Howard Taft

Answer 1

Republican/ 1909-1913

Question 2

Payne- Aldrich Tariff

Answer 2

Brinkley, pg. 592
Definition: reduced protective tariff rates of 1909 barely at all and in some areas raised them
Significance: Taft made no effort to overcome the oposition of the congressional Old Guard. They argued that to lower tariff rates would violate the constitutional doctrine of separation of powers

Question 3

Ballinger- Pinchot Disputes

Answer 3

Brinkle, pg. 592
Definition: series of dispute in the ate 1909 between head of the Forest Service, Gifford Pinchot and Taft’s secetary of interior, Richard Ballinger
-who was under suspicion when he attempted to invadiate Roosevelt’s removal of nealy 1 million acres of forestry and mineral deposits from private development
Significance: helped destroy Taft’s popularity with reformers for good

Question 4

Intervention of Nicaragua

Answer 4

Brinkley, pg. 605
Definition:
-revolution broke out, US side wit insurgents and sent troops to seize the customs houses
-US bankers were encouraged by Taft’s Secretary of State, Philander Knox, to offer substantial loan to the new govn’t
SIgnificance: exercise of “Dollar Diplomacy

Question 5

“Dollar Diplomacy”

Answer 5

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dollar_diplomacy (Wikipedia, Dollar Diplomacy, WEB)
Brinkley, pg. 605
Definition: to further aims in Latin America and East Asia through use of economic power by guaranteeing loans made to foreign countries
Significance:In 1909, US bankers were encouraged by Taft’s Secretary of State, Philander Knox, to offer substantial loan to Nicaragua.

Question 6

Mann-Elkins Act

Answer 6

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mann-Elkins_Act
(Wikipedia, Mann-Elkins Act, WEB)
Definition: the federal gov. in 1910 moved to strengthen its regulatory control over the railroad industry and was repealed in 1913
Significance:
-law expanded powers of ICC, which was authorized to investigate proposed railroad rate increases and suspend them if warrant
-prohibited railroads to impose discriminating charges against short hauls

Question 7

Roosevelt’s “New Nationalism”

Answer 7

Brinkley,pp.593, 595
Definition: progressive political philosophy
Significance: advocated acceptance of economic concentation and using government to regulate and control it (late 1910)

Question 8

Bull Moose/ Progressive Party

Answer 8

Brinkley,p. 594
Definition: 3rd party campaigned in the election of 1912 and created by Teddy Roosevelt who ran for its presidential canidate
Significance: ADVOCATED FOR:
- additional regulation of industry trusts
-sweeping reforms of many areas of gov. compensation by the gov. for worker injured on the job
-pensions for the elderly and for widows with children and woman suffrage

Question 9

Wilson’s “New Freedom”

Answer 9

Brinkley, pg.594
Definition: progressive program advocated during the presidential election of 1912 aimed for three types of reform: tariff, business, and banking
Significance: reform sided with those who believed that bigness was both unjust and inefficient, that the proper response to monopoly wasn’t to regulate it but to destroy it

Question 10

Election of 1912

Answer 10

Brinkley, pg. 596
Definition: Roosevelt v Taft v Wilson
Wilson held most of the Demo. vote and Roosevelt received half of the Republican and all of the Progressive
Significance: Democratic progressives platform over the conservatives within the party and Wilson won because of the split within the Republican party

Question 11

Est. of federa Children’s Bureau

Answer 11

Brinkley, pg. 592
Definition: organization to investigate “all matters pertaining to the welfare of chilren and child life
Significance: cheif of the bureau, Juila Lathrop, worked for progressive change not just at federal levels but as well as state and local levels