The Crisis of Authority Flashcards
Fall of Saigon
Brinkly 860
- During first year of ceasefire vietnam suffered 10 times more battle losses than the US during 10 years.
- Due to that Vietnamese forces launches a full-scale offensive against the weakened south.
- Thieu appealed to washington for assistance; Gerald Ford asked congress for funding but was denied.
- Late of April 1975, communist forces charge into Saigon.
- Shortly after Thieu forces and staff of american embassy flee, communist forces occupy capitol and Ho Chi Minh City.
Assimilation
page 848
-the aspect of people(in this case Native Americans) converting and adapting to a more American lifestyle in terms of culture.
-Support?-Government encouraged Indians to assimilate into the larger society and worked to funnel Native Americans into cities where they can adpat themselves into the white world and lose their cultural distinctiveness.
Success?-To some degree assimilation achieved its objective: Native Americans adapted to life in the city.
-As a whole?- The new policies were a disaster for the tribes and a failure for the reformers who had promoted them.
Gay Liberation
- Brinkley 851-2
- Similar to the black civil rights movement
- Homosexuals were rather taboo and a tightly kept secret until around the 1960’s, when liberating movements within other minorities helped to motivate gays to work to earn their own rights
- On June 27, 1969, the NYPD entered Stonewall Inn (a gay nightclub), and clapped patrons in handcuffs simply for seeing them in the location. However, nearby gays fought against the unprotected police by burning the Inn, almost trapping the police inside before policemen could escape. This was referred to as the “Stonewall Riot.”
- Gays began to look at themselves differently, becoming more confident despite their small size and lack of support.
- Gays were making progress and by the 1990s had some of the same milestones as other oppressed minorities. 
- Gay Liberation was severely hindered by the AIDS epidemic, which wreaked havoc as the gays, like most of the world, were unprepared for the devastating disease and it ruined public appearance for a time (the musical Rent is a great example).
- The Gay Liberation reached a large degree of intensity in both 1993 and 2004. In 1993 Bill Clinton attempted to pull the ban on gays and lesbians serving in the military from federal laws; however, the backlash from congress limited this to a “Don’t ask, don’t tell” policy. In 2004 the proposal to ban same-sex marriage became a major element of the Republican campaign, which eventually spread to many states through referenda, and was approved, setting back the Gay Liberation.
Nixon Doctrine
Wikipedia Nixon Doctrine page -Was put forth in a “Silent Majority” speech in a press conference in Guam in 1969 -Nixon declared that the US would aid in the defense and developments off allies and friends -Nuclear shield for other nations -Expected its allies to take care of their own military defense, but would aid in defense as requested -pursuit of peace
National Congress of American Indians (NACI)
Brinkley, 848
- Principal Native American organization, formed in 1944
- Had substantial number of militant members
- Stimulated by the struggle against Termination and other grievances against the Indians
- Also benefited from the rapidly growth of the Native American population, which nearly doubled in size between 1950 and 1970
Cultural Pluralism
http://quizlet.com/912333/apush-chapter-32-flash-cards/
http://www.quia.com/jg/1859063list.html
Brinkley pg. 851
Cultural Pluralism was the presence of multiple cultures in a society, each ethnic or racial group maintained distinctive charecteristics of their own culture, while coexisting peacefully with the larger,more dominant group. Examples include Native Americans who live peacefully in America but maintain their own customs on reservations. Two advocates of cultural pluralism were Horace Kallen and Randolph Boune. Advocates of Cultural Pluralism were likely to oppose immigration control.The idea of cultural pluralism was a signifigant development in America because it contrasted with the previously accepted “melting pot” concept people viewed the United States as. In the 1960s, some Mexican Americans, African American, and Native Americans all adopted cultural pluralism to some degree. Federal Law helped to promote cultural pluralism through affirmitive action programs which extended not only to blacks but to many races. Cultural Pluralism led to an evn more assertive and very controversial cultural movement known as “mulitculturalism”.
Cesar Chavez
- Brinkley (850)
- Arizona born Latino farmworker
- created an effective union of itinerant farmworkers/UFW launched a prolonged strike against growers to demand recognition of their union and increased wages and benifits
- when employers resisted, Chavez enlisted the cooperation of college students, churches, and civil rights groups and organized a nationwide boycott, first of table grapes and then of lettuce
Indian Civil Rights Act 1968
Brinkley Pg. 849
- An act that gave civil rights to Indians
- Was created due to the mass Indian movements such as the AIM.
- The bill recognized the legitimacy of tribal laws within the reservations
SALT I ( Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty)
- -Brinkley 861
- In 1969, American & Soviet diplomats met in Helsinki Finland to begin talks on limiting nuclear weapons
- In 1972, they produced SALT I, which froze the nuclear missiles (ICBMS) of both sides at present levels.
Anti-War Rallies
Brinkley, 843
Rallies between 1967 and 1969 that were organized nationwide by various different groups to demonstrate opposition to the war, making it a prevalent issue in politics
October 1967, march on the Pentagon where protesters were met with a solid line of armed troops
April 1968, nationwide “spring mobilization” united hundreds of thousands of demonstrators
1969 fall, Vietnam “moratorium,” millions of opponents of the war gatheres in nationwide rallies
Termination
Brinkley, 847-848
- withdrew recognition of tribes as legal entities, made them subject to local jurisdictions
- made tribes weaker politically
- forced adaptation by Native Americans to American culture
- failure for promoters of termination
- led to corruption and abuse
- Einsenhower forced to bar futher termination to stop violence
- sparked the creation of National Congress of American Indians(1944)
Anti-Draft Movements
Brinkley, 843
- The feelings of dissent towards conscription and the refusal to oblige to the draft (for the Vietnam War)
- Draft-age Americans who refused the draft either spent long terms in jail or chose to flee
- Canada and Sweden were amongst the places where many who resisted the draft chose to reside
- In 1977, President Jimmy Carter issued a pardon to draft resistors and a limited amnesty to deserters
- Anti-Draft Movements are an example of the social protests of the time
Vietnamization
Brinkley p. 858
- Nixon’s new policy in the Vietnam War to train and equip South Vietnamese soldiers to take over the burden of combat from American troops
- Nixon announced the U.S. military reduction in the fall of 1969 and reduced the number of American troops in Vietnam from 540,000 to 60,000 by 1972
- This helped quiet domestic opposition to the war
What was the main contribution of Rachel Carson to ecology?
- Brinkley 856
- Carson began investigating the impact of DDT after she received a letter from her friend reporting the mysterious death of birds in her yard after the area had been sprayed with the insecticide DDT.
- Carson discovered that the DDT was being absorbed through by water and plants which immediately affected animals which were later consumed by humans.
- Carson wrote a book describing the affect of DDT on the ecosystem named, Silent Spring. This book was influential in the desicion to ban DDT in the United States in 1972.
Students for a Democratic Society (SDS)
Brinkley (p.842)
DEF: In 1962, a group of students, most of them from prestigious universities, gathered in Michigan to form an organization to give voice to their demands.
SIG: Their declaration of beliefs, the Port Huron Statement, expressed their disillusionment with the society they had inherited and their determination to build a new politics.
This group of students represented a significant force of the New Far Left and the effects which resulted as the postwar baby-boom generation grew up and was exposed to the opportunities available with the unprecedented spread of education and overall increase of economic affluence. Students were able to collaborate with peers and form an innovative reserve of radical opinions ready to reform the ineptitudes of the American political system.
