Andrew Jackson

Question 1

Party

Answer 1

Democrat Republican

Question 2

John C Calhoun

Answer 2

Vice President
Came up with the theory of nullification. (Look to Flashcard #6) An outspoken protectionist supporting the tariff of 1816 for Carolina. Did not develop a close relationship with the president. (Brinkley, 243)

Question 3

Van Buren

Answer 3

• Led a dissident political faction known as the “Bucktails” or the “Albany Regency” where they challanged the aristocratic governor De Witt Clinton.
• Van Buren came up with the new idea of a second party system. (See Flashcard #5) (Brinkley, 240-241)
• Appointed to Secretary of State. Established himself in the president’s unofficial circle of political allies called the “Kitchen Cabinet”. Partly due to the Peggy Eaton affair, where Van Buren befriended the Eatons whereas Calhoun did not, Jackson chose Van Buren to succeed him. (Brinkley, 244)

Question 4

Jacksonian Democracy

Answer 4

• The idea in the 1820s states in the west adopted constitutions that guaranteed all adult white males the right to vote and the right to hold public office. Equal protection and equal benefits to all its white male citizens and favor no region or class over another. (Brinkley, 242 )
• Older states began to grant similar political rights to their citizens.
• In New York reformers cited the Declaration of Independence and as a result the property qualification for voting was eliminated. The number of voters increased far more rapidly than the population did as a whole.
• By 1828 electors were chosen by popular vote in every state but South Carolina. (Brinkley, 238-240)

Question 5

The Second Party System

Answer 5

• This led to in the 1830s the Jackonsonians called themselves Democrats and anti-Jackson force the Whigs.
• Van Buren promoted the new kind of party that made ideological commitments less important than loyalty to the party itself.
• Preservation of the party through the use of favors rewards and patronage would the the goal of leadership.
• For the party to survive it must have a permanent opposition so that competing parties would give a sense of purpose and force politicians to listen to the people and check and balance each other.
  (Brinkley, 241)

Question 6

The Spoils System

Answer 6

• The idea that it was the right of elected officials to appoint their own followers to public office a feature of American politics.
• Justified Jackson’s removal of one-fifth of the federal officeholders.
• Most of the officeholders in the federal government had been in place for a generation or more.
• By embracing the philosophy of the “spoils system”, the administration helped make (Brinkley, 242)

Question 7

Nullification Crisis

Answer 7

• Theory of Nullification: The states and not the courts of Congress were the final arbiters of the constitutionality of federal laws. The state could hold a convention and declare a federal law null and voice within the state.
• In response to a 1832 tariff bill that offered South Carolinians no relief from the 1828 tariff, the legislature summoned a state convention to nullify the tariffs and forbid the collection of duties. Jackson said nullification was treason and proposed a bill to use military force to see Congress acts obeyed.
• Clay devised a compromise where the tariff would be lowered gradually so by 1842 it would be the same level as in 1816. The compromise and force bill were passed the same day. South Carolinians nullified the nullification and the force act. (Brinkley, 245)

Question 8

Term

Answer 8

1829-1837

Question 9

Indian Removal Act

Answer 9

Allowed for removal of Indians in the Southern United States

Question 10

Worcester v. Georgia

Answer 10

Prevented states from vacating Indians from there land

Question 11

Trail of Tears

Answer 11

Forced relocation of Indians in the Southern U.S. following the Indian Removal Act