Causes of the Civil War

Question 1

“Southern Nationalism”

Answer 1

Brinkley pg 372
- men known both to their contemporary and to history as the “fire-eaters”
–there were demands for the end of the Union.
-Soth Carolina seceded first then in 1861, Mississippi,Florida,Al;abama, Georgia, Lousiana, and Texas.
creating the Confederate States
-Results? The seceding states immediately seized the federal property: forts, arsenals, and government offices. There was an attempt to seize Fort Sumter and Fort Pickens, but no success
significance?-.It did produced the first shots fired between the North and South.

Question 2

Crittenden Compromise.

Answer 2

Brinkley pg 372
- first submitted by Senator John J.Crittenden; it called for several constitutional amendments, which would guarantee the permanent existance of slavery in the slave states and would satisfy Southern demands on such issues as fugitive slaves and slavery in the District of Colombia.
Problem?-It would reestablish the Missouri Compromise line in all present and future territory of the United States:Slavery would be prohibited north of the line and permitted south of it.
-Supporters and Opposers?- The Senate was willing to accept plan, but the Republicans were not.The compromise would have required the Republicans to abondon their most fundamental position:that slavery not be allowed to expand.
Significance? Nothing had been resolved between the North and South when Lincoln arrived in Washington.He laid down bsic rules in his inaugural address: no state could leave the Union, acts of force or violence to support secession were insurrectiionary and the government would “hold, occupy, and possess” federal property in the secede states (like Fort Sumter).

Question 3

Fort Sumter

Answer 3

Brinkley pg 372-374
-a fort in SE South Carolina, in the harbor of Charleston garrisoned by a small force under Major Robert Anderson; its bombardment by the Confederates opened the Civil War on April 12, 1861
-Conditions at the fort were deteriorating quickly.Union forces were running out of supplies and unless they recieved more they would have to evacuate.
-Dilemma?-Lincoln beleived that if he surrendered the fort, his commitment to maintaining the Union would no longer be credible
Solution?-Lincoln sent a relief expedition to the fort informing South Caroline not to interfere.
-Dilemma? Conferderacy thought permitting the expedition tomland would nmean a submission to federal authority.Firing on the ships or the fort would seem to be agression.
Solution?-In order ot to appear cowardly Confederate leaders ordered General P.G.T Beauregard to take the island by force.
Results?-When Anderson refused to surrender the fort, the Confederates bombarded it for two days and when Anderson the Civil War had begun.

Question 4

Slave and Non-slavery Debate

Answer 4

Brinkley pg 376-377
-the owning and purchase of African-Americans
-The North and the South had reached positions on slavery that were irreconcible and unalterable. Seemed war was “inevitable”
-Cases like the Dred Scott case,The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo(1848), and Kansas -Nebrasks Act sparked bigger debates about the slave issue.
Significance- Many belive the Civil War was not based primarily on slavery.It was imply the issue that caused the arguement over states’ rights to escalate.(page 106 2004-05 Princton Review.)

Question 5

Secession

Answer 5

Dictionary.com, pg106 2004-05 Prinction Review and Brinekley page 372-374

• the act of seceding or to withdraw formally from an alliance, federation, or association.
  
  • the South wanted to maintain the Union and negotiated a compromise that was turned down by Lincoln who hoped they were bluffing about seceding.
• In 1860 Soth Carolina seceded then seven more states joined in 1861( Mississippi, Florida,Alabama,Georgia,Louisiana,and Texas then Virginia,Arkansas, North Craolina, and Tennessee) creating the Confederate States of America led ny Jefferson Davis.

Question 6

Election of Abraham Lincoln

Answer 6

Brinkley pg 368-373,historynet.com
One of the first event that led to the Civil War
-Southerners feared the abolishment of slavery as Lincoln’s election beacme the signal to may southerners that their position in the Union was hopeless.
-Significance- Lincoln’s advocation of making slavery illegal and his announcement that the South can’t leave the Union sparked the South’s fight for states’ rights.