Calvin Coolidge Flashcards
Term
August 2, 1923 – March 4, 1929
Andrew Mellon’s Tax Cut
Brinkely-654
Andrew Mellow was the Secretary of the Treasury in Coolidge’s cabinet in the 1920’s and was a wealthy steel and aluminum tycoon. He devoted himself for substanial reductions in taxes on corporate profits, personal income, and inheritance. In 1924 Mellon worked closely with President Coolidge on a series of measures to trim dramatically the federal budget which would become known as the Andrew Mellon’s Tax Cut.
Andrew Mellon’s efforts with President Coolidge retired over half the nations debt from World War I and cut taxes to imporve productivity, increase profits, and sell better products in companys to help stabilize the American economie. Congress, because of Mellon efforts, cut all of his tax reductions by half.
Nation Origins Act of 1924
Brinkley-649
In 1921 Congress passed an emergency immigration act which limited the immigration of any country to only 3 percent of the number of persons of that nationality who had been in the United States in 1910. That law cut the total immigration from 800,000 to 300,000 in a single year. this number was still unsatisfactory and the harsher National Origins Act of 1924 strengthened the 1921 law. It banned immigration from east Asia which deeply angered Japan- the Chinese had still been banned since 1882- European immigration reduced from 3 percent to 2 percent. This incouraged a futher restriction 5 years later to set a rigid limit of 150,000 immigrants a year.
Dawes Plan
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In 1924 Charles G. Dawes negotiated an agreement under american banks to provide enormous loans to Germany enabling them to meet their reperations. Britian and France agrred to lower their reperations.
Dawes was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts but he actually did little to solve international problems and led to a circular international loan system. America would lend loans to Germany that woukd payoff resporations to Britian and France that would pay off loans to United States. This only made debt accumulate in American banks.
This made America a daily presence in European nations like the auto industry United States corperations became very dependant on the unstable European economies and a high tariff barrier was created .
Scopes Monkey Trial
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law2.umkc.edu
A twenty-four year old biology teacher, John T. Scopes, had himself arrested in Dayton Tenessee because he violated the Butler Act . The act made it illegal to teach eveloution in any state-funded school. The famous attorney Clarence Darrow and Jenning Bryan defended Scope in the trial. Scope was found guilty of clear violation of the law and was fined one hundred dollars
Clarence Darrow called his partner Jenning Bryan to the stand as an expert on the Bible and scored an important victory. The Scope trail isolated and extended many fundementalists from their mainstream protestant demonstrations. It put an end to all political activism but did not change their religious convictions.
Kellog Briand Pact
-Brinkley 710
The Kellogg-Briand Pact of 1928 was when the French foriegn minister, Aristide Briand, asked the United States in 1927 to join an alliance against Germany, but Frank Kellogg (secretary of state) instead proposed a multilateral treaty outlawing waras national policy. This pact was signed by fourteen nations on August 27th and 48 other nations later joined this pacted which was an effort to protect the peace without accepting active duties.
McNary Haugen Bill/ Parity
-Brinkley 638-639
This Bill was named after its two main sponsors in Congress and introduced in 1924-128. Congress approved this bill requiring parity for grain, cotton, tobacco, and rice but President Coolidge vetoed it both in 1926 and 1928.
Election of 1928
-Brinkley 655
Hoover the republican candidate easily defeated Al Smith, the Democratic candidate.
