Chapter 2: Transplantations and Borderlands Flashcards
Tobacco
Tobacco became a leading cash crop in the America’s.
John Rolfe, a colonist from Jamestown, was the first to grow tobacco in America.
Increased European demand forced colonists to increase production by expanding the size and output of their plantations. The number of man-hours needed to sustain larger operations increased, which forced planters to use slave labor.
New York Colony
- 1664-Given by Charles II to James(Duke of York)
- 1664-74 James sent Captain Nicolls to capture New Amsterdam from the Dutch
- Diverse-Dutch, English, Scandinavians, Germans, French, Africans, Indians.
- No parliamentary government, but religously tolerant
Pennsylvania Colony
English Protestants finding a home for their religion and own social order.
Formed the Society of Friends as a result of the preachings of George Fox and Margaret Fell.
Their followers came to be known as the Quakers.
Quakers rejected predestination and thought people had divinity within themsleves.
Granted women the same position as men in the church.
Quakers were the most anarchistic and democratic. Had periodic meetings of representitives from congregation.
William Penn, a member of the Quakers, wanted a place to grow the group. Charles II granted him land which would become Pennsylvania.
Carolina Colonies
The English Civil War
- started because James II dissolved parliament but later called them back into session only to dismiss them.
- in 1642 some members of parliament challenged the king’s army which began the civil war between Roundheads and Cavaliers.
- after 7 years of fighting, the king’s army lost and the king was beheaded and his son fled England.
- parliament elected Cromwell as “Protector” of England to replace the king.
Bacon’s Rebellion
Indentured Servents
1) person who signs and is bound by indentures to work for another for a specified time especially in return for payment of travel expenses and maintenance \
2) they was a ban on servants being able to marry until their service was finished
3) they were used in Maryland colony until the 17th century, Virginia colony until the 1670s, and South Carolina colony until 1749 (like the rest of the South)
Jamestown
1) founded by the London Company (later renamed the Virginia Company) in 1607
2) royal colony-a colony administered by a royal governor and council appointed by the British crown , and having a representative assembly elected by the people
3) was located in a low and swampy area, was surrounded by think woods, and was within the territory of a confederation of local Indians led by Powhatan
4) early problems: outbreaks of malaria weakened the settlers and decreased the population, few settlers were willing laborers, colonists were forced to find gold by promoters in London
5) at first, no women were sent to Jamestown; London Company promoters had little interest in creating a family-centered community
6) in 1608, Captain John Smith became council president, imposed work and order on the community, and organized raids on neighboring Indian villages
7) experienced a period known as the “starving time” during the winter of 1609-1610 in which local Indians killed off the livestock in the woods and kept the colonists barricaded within ther palisade (a fence of stakes set firmly in the ground for defense or enclosure)
8) Lord De La Warr and his successors (Sir Thomas Dale and Sir Thomas Gates) imposed harsh and rigid discipline on the colony
9) in 1612, John Rolfe began to grow and cultivate tobacco in Jamestown
10) in 1618, established the “headright” system in which grants of land were given to new and existing settlers; its purpse was to expand the territory of Virginia and to bring in new colonists
11) after 1618the Virginia Company promised the colonists the full rights of Englishmen, an end to the strict and arbitrary rule of the early communal years, and a share of self-govenment
12) in 1619, the House of Burgesses–the elected legislature–met for the first time
13) Sir Thomas Dale kidnapped Powhatan’s daughter Pocahontas, but Powhatan refused to ransom her; later, Pocahontas chose to convert to Christianity and soon married John Rolfe in 1614
14) Openchancanough–brother of Powhatan–led his native confederacy in several attacks on the colonists in Virginia between 1622 and 1644
15) in 1624, James I revoked the Virginia Company’’s charter following the 1622 Indian uprising and as a result, the colony came under the control of the crown until 1776 (became a royal colony)
Lord Berkeley
John Berkeley, 1st Baron Berkeley of Stratton (1602 – 28 August 1678) was an English royalist soldier. From 1648 he was closely associated with James, Duke of York. He and Sir George Carteret were the founders of the U.S. state of New Jersey.
In Paris, during the absence of John Byron, 1st Baron Byron in England, he obtained, through the influence, as it would seem, of Henry Jermyn, 1st Earl of St Albans, the post of temporary governor to the Duke of York (1648), and on the death of Byron (1652) took over the position. He acquired the control of the Duke’s finances as well.
Dominion of New England
A combination of the governments of Massachusetts, New England, New York, and New Jersey established by James II. One governor was appointed to oversee the whole region, Sir Edmund Andros. He was a stern and tactless man which made him an unpopuar man.
California
Navigation Acts
- The English wanted to restrict colonial trade to non-English markets, and began to pass laws to regulate colonial trade. The English government did this because they were still following the principles of mercantilism, and didn’t want English money to leave the British empire.
- The government began to regulate trade by passing laws in 1650 and 1651 to keep Dutch ships out of English colonies.
- After the Restoration, Charles II adopted three Navigation Acts to regulate colonial trade even more strictly than before.
a. In 1660, the first act closed the colonies to all trade except that carried in English ships. This law also required the colonists to export items, including tobacco, to only England or English possessions.
b. The second act, passed in 1663, required that all goods being shipped from Europe to the colonies passed through England on the way, making it possible for England to tax them.
c. The third act, passed in 1673, appointed customs officials in North America to enforce the other Navigation Acts. - These acts formed the legal basis of England’s mercantile system in America for a century
- While these acts seem beneficial only to England, they were also beneficial to the colonists in a few ways.
a. They encouraged the development of American production of goods they needed.
b. It helped to create an important ship building industry in America - The English wanted to restrict colonial trade to non-English markets, and began to pass laws to regulate colonial trade. The English government did this because they were still following the principles of mercantilism, and didn’t want English money to leave the British empire.
- The government began to regulate trade by passing laws in 1650 and 1651 to keep Dutch ships out of English colonies.
- After the Restoration, Charles II adopted three Navigation Acts to regulate colonial trade even more strictly than before.
a. In 1660, the first act closed the colonies to all trade except that carried in English ships. This law also required the colonists to export items, including tobacco, to only England or English possessions.
b. The second act, passed in 1663, required that all goods being shipped from Europe to the colonies passed through England on the way, making it possible for England to tax them.
c. The third act, passed in 1673, appointed customs officials in North America to enforce the other Navigation Acts. - These acts formed the legal basis of England’s mercantile system in America for a century
- While these acts seem beneficial only to England, they were also beneficial to the colonists in a few ways.
a. They encouraged the development of American production of goods they needed.
b. It helped to create an important ship building industry in America - The English wanted to restrict colonial trade to non-English markets, and began to pass laws to regulate colonial trade. The English government did this because they were still following the principles of mercantilism, and didn’t want English money to leave the British empire.
- The government began to regulate trade by passing laws in 1650 and 1651 to keep Dutch ships out of English colonies.
- After the Restoration, Charles II adopted three Navigation Acts to regulate colonial trade even more strictly than before.
a. In 1660, the first act closed the colonies to all trade except that carried in English ships. This law also required the colonists to export items, including tobacco, to only England or English possessions.
b. The second act, passed in 1663, required that all goods being shipped from Europe to the colonies passed through England on the way, making it possible for England to tax them.
c. The third act, passed in 1673, appointed customs officials in North America to enforce the other Navigation Acts. - These acts formed the legal basis of England’s mercantile system in America for a century
- While these acts seem beneficial only to England, they were also beneficial to the colonists in a few ways.
a. They encouraged the development of American production of goods they needed.
b. It helped to create an important ship building industry in America- The English wanted to restrict colonial trade to non-English markets, and began to pass laws to regulate colonial trade. The English government did this because they were still following the principles of mercantilism, and didn’t want English money to leave the British empire.
- The government began to regulate trade by passing laws in 1650 and 1651 to keep Dutch ships out of English colonies.
- After the Restoration, Charles II adopted three Navigation Acts to regulate colonial trade even more strictly than before.
a. In 1660, the first act closed the colonies to all trade except that carried in English ships. This law also required the colonists to export items, including tobacco, to only England or English possessions.
b. The second act, passed in 1663, required that all goods being shipped from Europe to the colonies passed through England on the way, making it possible for England to tax them.
c. The third act, passed in 1673, appointed customs officials in North America to enforce the other Navigation Acts. - These acts formed the legal basis of England’s mercantile system in America for a century
- While these acts seem beneficial only to England, they were also beneficial to the colonists in a few ways.
a. They encouraged the development of American production of goods they needed.
b. It helped to create an important ship building industry in America - The English wanted to restrict colonial trade to non-English markets, and began to pass laws to regulate colonial trade. The English government did this because they were still following the principles of mercantilism, and didn’t want English money to leave the British empire.
- The government began to regulate trade by passing laws in 1650 and 1651 to keep Dutch ships out of English colonies.
- After the Restoration, Charles II adopted three Navigation Acts to regulate colonial trade even more strictly than before.
a. In 1660, the first act closed the colonies to all trade except that carried in English ships. This law also required the colonists to export items, including tobacco, to only England or English possessions.
b. The second act, passed in 1663, required that all goods being shipped from Europe to the colonies passed through England on the way, making it possible for England to tax them.
c. The third act, passed in 1673, appointed customs officials in North America to enforce the other Navigation Acts. - These acts formed the legal basis of England’s mercantile system in America for a century
- While these acts seem beneficial only to England, they were also beneficial to the colonists in a few ways.
a. They encouraged the development of American production of goods they needed.
b. It helped to create an important ship building industry in America
“Middle Grounds”
Brinkley pages 61-62
Settlements where both Europeans and Indians lived and neither side could establish clear dominance.
Although there was clear tension between them, and conflicts arose they adapted to each others expectations.
In the early nineteenth century these “middle grounds’ had collapsed with the growing presence of the British and Americans, creating European dominance and the Indians to become their victims.
Georgia Colony
