Chapter 1: Collision of Cultures

Question 1

Roanoke

Answer 1

Roanoke was a island that Raleigh and a small group of men discovered on their expedition to explore the North American coast. In 1585 Raleigh recruites his cousin, Sir Richard Grenvillr, to lead a group of mostly men to colonizes the island. Soon after Grenville leaves and the following spring Sir Francis Drake unexpected arrived at Roanoke with supplies and reinforcments from England. He also brought a group of settlers to be the core of the colony, 91 men,17 women (two of which are pregnant), and 9 children. White returned to England a few weeks later in search of supplies and other colonist. He hoped to return in a couple months but due to hostilities with Spanish intervebed he did not return for over three years. When he did return in 1590 he founded the island deserted with no clue of the settlers fate other than the inscriprion ‘Croatoan” craved into a tree. (Pg 33-34)

Question 2

Mercantilism

Answer 2

Mercantilism was the belief that the world’s wealth was finite. It depended on the idea of extracting as much wealth as possible from foreign lands and exporting as little wealth as possible from home.

For this reason it supported the position of the new merchant capitalists whose edneavors were believed to help the whole nation. Page 27

Question 3

Elizabeth I

Question 4

Fur Trade

Answer 4

1. There were five major groups involved in the fur trade, they were: the Dutch, the French, Natives, the Virginia colony, and New England.
2. In 1624, the Dutch West India Company established a series of permanent posts on the Hudson, Delaware, and Connecticut Rivers. When Holland won its independence in the early 17th century it became one of the leading trading nations in the world.
3. The most important French settlers were the coureurs de bois–adventurous fur traders and trappers. They were like agents for the Algonquians and the Hurons. The Iroquois became the enemies of the French, Samuel de Champlain, the founder of Quebec, led an attack against the Mohawks in 1609.
4. When William Berkeley refused to give a piece of the Indian fur trade to Nathaniel Bacon it started Bacon’s rebellion.
5. In the 17th century William Bradford paid off the colony’s debt to its original financiers with money from the fur trade.
6. Natives were important trading partners in the Noth American fur trade.

Question 5

Church of England

(Page 29)

Answer 5

1. England
2. 1529-Present
3. King Henry VIII claimed himself as head of Christian faith after pope refused to grant Henry and his wife a divorce.
   a. However, Henry’s daughter, Mary, restored England’s allegiance to the Catholic Church in 1547
   b. After Mary died in 1558, her sister, Elizabeth severed the ties with the Catholic Church once again
   
   4. Satisfied the political objectives of the queen BUT failed to satisfy the religious desires of many English Christians
   5. Under Elizabeth, the church incorporated some of the tenets of Calvinism, but never enough to satisfy its critics

Question 6

Plantation Model of Colonization

Answer 6

Brinkley 31

A method of colonization, used by the English in Ireland and the New World, in which the English did not try to intermingle or subdue the native population, and simply lived in seperation from them. The plantation model was an effort to transplant and isolate English society on new lands. The plantation model failed to stop a mixing of the English and native cultures.

Question 7

John Smith

Answer 7

John Smith was an English explorer and writer who was in put charge in Jamestown while it was running. He trained settlers to farm so that they had something to live off.

Question 8

Puritans (Seperatist)

Answer 8

Brinkley 29

1) The Puritans were a group of religous Englishmen, who came to the new world, mainly Masseschusets,. They desired to practice their religion without pursecution.
2) Radical Puritans, or Seperatist, also emmigrated to the New World. Separatists were a group who advocated complete separation from the Church of England but had no particular Church title. Many of the Mayflower Pilgrims were referred to only as Separatists

Question 9

Merchant Capitalism

Question 10

Spanish Armada

Answer 10

1. 1588
2. Spanish Armada attempted to invade England.
3. King Philip II was determined to end England’s challenges to Spanish commercial supremacy and bring the English back into the Catholic Church.
4. He failed miserably when the English destoryed the Spanish Armada and ended Spain’s domination of the Atlantic.

Question 11

James 1

Answer 11

• Ascended to the throne in 1603
• First of the Stuarts
• believed that Kings ruled by divine right, and felt no obligation to compromise with his opponents
• Antagonized the Puritans by resorting to aitrary taxation, favoring English Catholics, and supporting “high church’ forms of ceremony