What are Antimicrobial Drugs? Flashcards
What are antimicrobial drugs?
drugs that kill or inhibit the growth of microorganisms
What are the different antimicrobial drugs? (4)
- bactericidal
- bacteriostatic
- viricidal
- fungicidal
What are the routes of administration for antimicrobial drugs? (3)
- orally
- injected
- topically
What are the 2 groups of antimicrobials?
- external application
2. internal administration
What are disinfectants and antiseptics used for?
Chemical agents used to decrease microbe numbers in the environment
Where are antiseptics used on the animal?
externally
What does the spectrum of effectiveness depend on for antiseptics and disinfectants? (2)
- environmental condition required for proper use
2. individual characteristics vary between agents
What are antibiotics and antifungals intended for?
use within the body for systemic distribution
What does successful use of antibiotics and antifungals require? (3)
- Microorganism be susceptible to antimicrobial (G+, G-)
- Antimicrobial reach site of infection in high enough concentrations (abscess)
- animals tolerate antimicrobial and its side effects
What are the common side effects of antibiotics and antifungals? (3)
- vomiting
- diarrhea
- nephrotoxicity (kidney)
What is Antimicrobial Susceptibility?
The effectiveness of an antibiotic in inhibiting the growth of bacteria is reflected in its measurable minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)
What is Antibiotic Resistance? (2)
- Bacteria’s ability to not be affected by an antibiotic
2. Can be the result of genetic mutations in individual bacteria that are passed on to future generations
How do antimicrobials kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria? (5)
- inhibit cell wall formation
- change the permeability of the cell membrane
- inhibit protein synthesis
- interfere with metabolism
- damage bacterial DNA and RNA
